Abstract: The invention provides a process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, comprising passing a reaction mixture comprising the hydrocarbons, oxygen and at least one reducing agent through a layer which contains a catalyst, and then through a layer (located downstream of the catalyst-containing layer) which contains an aqueous absorption agent, in which the partially oxidized hydrocarbons are absorbed quantitatively.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyisocyanates having a biuret structure, comprising continuously combining organic diisocyanates having aromatically attached isocyanate groups in a mixing chamber with organic diamines having aromatically attached amino groups in a molar ratio of at least 8:1 to form a reaction mixture; and reacting said reaction mixture at a temperature of above 180.degree. C., wherein a residence time of said reaction mixture in the mixing chamber from when said organic diisocyanates and said organic diamines are combined is at most 60 seconds.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of stable, agglomerate-free, low-viscosity graft copolymer dispersions by the free-radical polymerization of olefinic monomers, such as styrene and/or acrylonitrile, with polyol compounds in the presence of a hydroxyl compound modified with castor oil. The use of these graft copolymer dispersions in the manufacture of polyurethane plastics, particularly flexible foams, by the isocyanate polyaddition process is also described.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of highly stable, finely divided, low viscosity polymer polyols of small average particle size wherein in the first step an intermediate is prepared by reacting (1) a mixture of at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers, preferably styrene and acrylonitrile, in a mixture comprising (2) a base polyol and (3) a macromer in the presence of (4) a free radical initiator, (5) a solvent having moderate chain transfer activity, and, optionally, (6) a reaction moderator at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C., such that the intermediate contains at least about 12% by weight of macromer, based on the weight of the base polyol and macromer, and a solids content of at least about 15% by weight and less than about 30% by weight, based on the weight of the base polyol, macromer and ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Stable, agglomerate-free, low-viscosity graft copolymer dispersions are prepared by the radical polymerization of 25 to 65% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a base polyol, a macromer, a low-molecular weight regulator and, optionally, an organic solvent. The dispersions of this process are suitable as a polyol component for the production of polyurethane plastics by the isocyanate addition process.

Abstract: A process for the production of stable, agglomerate-free, low viscosity graft copolymer dispersions through radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a base polyol, a macromer, an enol ether of a specific formula, and optionally, an organic solvent. These enol ethers correspond to the general formula:A=CH--O--Rwherein:A represents a di-valent residue of the formula ##STR1## R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl radical;andR' represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Polyisocyanates with biuret structures are produced at temperatures above 250.degree. C. More specifically, an excess of a diisocyanate having aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bound isocyanate groups is reacted with a diamine containing aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bound amino groups at temperatures above 250.degree. C. for relatively brief periods of time. Water and/or polyvalent alcohols may optionally be included in the reaction mixture. The polyisocyanates with biuret structures produced by this process are characterized by good color, good dilutability with covalent solvents and comparatively low viscosity.

Abstract: Leather treatment agents contain a mixture of(a) 2-98% by weight of an adduct with a molecular weight of 500-50,000 of an alkylene oxide onto an aliphatic or aromatic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups and(b) 98-2% by weight of a reaction product, containing carboxyl groups or salts thereof, with a molecular weight of 170-20,000 of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic compound containing at least two carboxyl groups or anhydrides thereof and an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compound containing at least two hydroxyl and/or primary or secondary amino groups and, if appropiate, ether or tertiary amino groups.

Abstract: Aqueous fatliquoring solutions, dispersions or emulsions are made with (a) polyethers having at least two hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of from 200 to 20,000 and/or (b) polyester containing at least two hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of from 200 to 20,000 and/or (c) polycarbonates containing at least two hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of from 200 to 20,000 and/or mixtures thereof. These fatliquoring agents are used to treat tanned leathers until from 0.1 to 20 wt % has been taken up. The thus-treated leather is particularly useful in the production of leather-polyurethane compositions such as shoes without the use of an adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of modified organic polyisocyanates containing urethane, carboxylic acid anhydride and biuret groups by reacting excess quantities of organic diisocyanates with a modifying agent containing(a) hydroxy carboxylic acids corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent alkyl groups and at least one of which contains a hydroxyl group and, optionally,(b) water wherein the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is about 0.02:1 to 1:0 and the ratio of mols of starting diisocyanate to mols of modifying agent (a) and (b) is about 3:1 to 24:1.The present invention also relates to the modified polyisocyanates obtained by this process and to the use of these polyisocyantes, optionally blocked with blocking agents for isocyante groups, as the polyisocyanate component in polyisocyanate addition reactions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of polyisocyanates which have a biuret structure by reacting aliphatic diisocyanates with water at elevated temperature, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of:(a) .alpha., .alpha., .alpha.-tri-substituted acetic acids, which do not have any further isocyanate-reactive group other than the carboxyl group,and/or(b) anhydrides of acids of the type mentioned in (a)wherein up to 0.39 mols of component (a) are used per mol of water, up to about 2 mols of component (b) are used per mol of water, and the total quantity of components (a) and (b) is at least 0.02 to about 2 mols per mol of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyisocyanates which have a biuret structure of reacting excess quantities of aliphatic diisocyanates with biuretizing agents at elevated temperature, characterized in that the biuretizing agent contains(a) .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trisubstituted acetic acids which do not contain isocyanate-reactive groups apart from the carboxyl group, and optionally(b) water,wherein the molar ratio of biuretizing components (a) to (b) is within the range of from 1:0 to 1:2.5.