Abstract: A fluid impermeable foil for use in connection with the wrapping of foodstuffs, cosmetics and other products has a plastic substrate one side of which is coated with a film of metallic material, such as aluminum. The exposed surface of the metallic film is provided with a thin protective layer which contains a wax, a resin, a lubricant and/or another organic material and shields the metallic film from scuffing, corrosion and direct exposure to air and/or moisture. The metallic material of the film is vaporized onto the one side of the substrate, and the organic material of the protective layer is vaporized onto the exposed surface of the film in one or more stages as soon as the vaporization of metallic material upon the substrate is completed.

Abstract: A flexible laminate, wherein a substrate of leather carries a coating which enhances the appearance and/or the quality of the substrate, is formed between an anvil and a ram in a press. The coating has an inner layer which overlies and fills or nearly fills scratches and/or other unevennesses in one side of the substrate, and an outer layer which overlies the inner layer can be made of a plastic material. The outer layer is first applied to a flexible plastic or paper carrier, and the inner layer is sprayed or otherwise applied to the outer layer before the resulting coating is introduced into or conveyed through the clearance between the anvil and the ram. The exposed surface of the outer layer can be smooth or it can be profiled to imitate the grain of a particular type of leather, such as ostrich leather or alligator leather.

Abstract: A foil has two essentially plane parallel surfaces of which at least one is at least partially covered by a metallic layer. The surface of the metallic layer is protected by an antifriction film. The surface opposite the metal-coated surface of the foil can likewise be protected by an antifriction film. The antifriction film or films should have a uniform thickness of at most 0.5 micron. The antifriction film or films can be vapor deposited, rolled or sprayed on to the foil or distributed on the foil ultrasonically or electostatically. The foil is subsequently wound into a roll.

Abstract: An expander roller for running webs of paper, textile material or the like has a straight metallic or plastic core and an outer layer consisting of two helically convoluted strips of rubber or other elastomeric material. The two convoluted webs are mirror images of each other with reference to a plane which extends between them and is normal to the axis of the core. The external surface of the outer layer is profiled in that it is provided with grooves cut into or otherwise formed in the strips and forming helices as a result of convolution of the respective strips onto the core. Each helical groove is adjacent a deformable lip which defines a portion of the external surface of the outer layer and can yield in response to engagement with a running web. The strips are permanently or detachably bonded to the peripheral surface of the core.

Abstract: A foil has two essentially plane parallel surfaces of which at least one is at least partially covered by a metallic layer. The surface of the metallic layer is protected by an antifriction film. The surface of the foil opposite the metal-coated surface can likewise be protected by an antifriction film. The antifriction film or films should have a uniform thickness of at most 0.5 micron. The antifriction film or films can be vapor deposited, rolled or sprayed on to the foil or distributed on the foil ultrasonically or electrostatically. The foil is subsequently wound into a roll.

Abstract: Adhesive is applied to a substrate for a printed circuit board in a pattern corresponding to that of the printed circuit. If the adhesive is of the type which contains a solvent, the substrate and adhesive are heated after application of the latter in order to drive off the solvent. Subsequently, a thin foil of a material which is capable of bonding to a chemically deposited metal is pressed onto the adhesive. The adhesive is then permitted to set which causes those portions of the foil in contact with the adhesive to adhere tightly to the latter. Once the adhesive has set, the foil is peeled from the adhesive. The portions of the foil which contact the adhesive remain bound to the adhesive thereby forming a base which is capable of receiving a chemically deposited metal. The thus-coated substrate is immersed in a bath where an electrically conductive metal for forming the printed circuit is chemically deposited in a pattern corresponding to that of the adhesive and, consequently, of the printed circuit.