Abstract: Filters used in the food and beverage industry can be cleaned by contacting the filters with a cyclic nitroxyl compound and a reoxidator or with a nitroxonium compound in a bromine-free process. The nitroxyl can be TEMPO or its 4-acetamido or 4-acetoxy derivative, and the nitroxonium compound can be the corresponding oxidized ion obtained by enzymatic or metal catalyzed oxidation. The reoxidator may be a peracid, such as peracetic acid, persulphuric acid or permanganic acid, or a metal complex with a hydroperoxide.

Abstract: Primary alcohols, especially in carbohydrates, can be selectively oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids in a low-halogen process by using a peracid in the presence of a catalytic amount of a di-tertiary-alkyl nitroxyl (TEMPO) and a catalytic amount of halide. The halide is preferably bromide and the process can be carried out at nearly neutral to moderately alkaline pH (5-11). The peracid can be produced or regenerated by means of hydrogen peroxide or oxygen. The process is advantageous for producing uronic acids and for introducing aldehyde groups which are suitable for crosslinking and derivatization.