Abstract: Structured agrochemical concentrates comprise agrochemical actives dispersed in a structured oil system of an oil and structurant oligomer including urethane and/or urea linkages and residues of a dimer or trimer component. The concentrate formulations may contain other components such as surfactants without the structurant loosing its effect a problem with known structurants. The concentrates can be readily diluted to give sprayable agrochemical formulations.

Abstract: An ester based lubricant, particularly suitable for 4-stroke engines comprises at least one ester of a saturated, branched chain monohydric alcohol having at least 8 carbon atoms and a saturated branched chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at least 10 carbon atoms. The esters have a kinematic viscosity of at most 35 cSt (40.degree. C.), a non-polarity index of at least 100, a Noack evaporation loss of at most 10% and a pour point below -30.degree. C.

Abstract: A base fluid for hydraulic or metal working fluids comprises the esterification product having a hydroxyl number below 15 and an acid number below 10 of polymerized fatty acids and a monohydric alkoxylated alcohol, selected from (a) straight or branched chain saturated monohydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alcohols, alkoxylated with 2-25 moles of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene oxide and (b) alkoxy poly(alkylene) glycol etherified with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 aliphatic monohydric alcohol and which is alkoxylated with 2-25 moles of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene oxide, optionally the alcohol component also comprises (c) a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 aliphatic monohydric alcohol. The acid number of the crude ester is preferably reduced by reacting it with a glycidyl ester of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.22 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, preferably a C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 branched chain, aliphatic monocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A base fluid for metal working fluids comprises a stoichiometrically neutral salt of the partial esterification product having an acid number of 10-120, preferably 20-100 of polymerized fatty acids and a monohydric alkoxylated alcohol, selected from (a) straight or branched chain saturated monohydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alcohols, alkoxylated with 2-25 moles of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene oxide, (b) alkoxy poly(alkylene) glycol etherified with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 aliphatic monohydric alcohol and which is alkoxylated with 2-25 moles of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene oxide, (c) an aliphatic, straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 monohydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, which partial ester is converted into a stoichiometrically neutral salt by neutralizing it by ammonium hydroxide, or an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkyl amine or an alkanol amine. Also the novel stoichiometrically neutral alkali metal and alkanol amine salts of the partial esters have been claimed.