Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel, and suitable for use in an reactor having a plurality of burners wherein e.g. finely divided coal is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via an annular channel surrounding said central channel and configured for said gas to intersect said coal at an acute angle, and heat from the combustion is removed from a dimensioned curvilinear hollow front of the burner by coolant flowed radially at constant momentum through said hollow front.

Abstract: The emission of NOx, soot and particulates is minimized by combusting fuel in two sequential steps, viz. a first combustion step wherein a number of fuel jets and a substoichiometric amount of combustion air in the form of an equal number of high-velocity air jets are injected into a combustion chamber in such a manner that(a) each fuel jet merges into one high velocity air jet,(b) the characteristic mixing time of each fuel jet is less than about 10.sup.-4 sec, and(c) a plurality of separate fuel/air jets is generated forming at ignition a plurality of primary flames in which a residence time for the fuel of substantially at least 100 ms is maintained;and a second combustion step comprising introducing further combustion air into said combustion chamber for complete combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: A process for the partial oxidation of fuel using a multi-orifice burner comprising a central channel, and three concentric channels encircling the central channel, is disclosed, fuel being supplied through the second concentric channel at a specific velocity and oxygen being supplied through the other channels at specific mass flow distribution and velocities.

Abstract: A burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel in a combustion zone, comprising a central channel for finely divided solid fuel, an annular channel for free-oxygen containing gas, substantially concentrically surrounding the central channel. The annular channel is provided with primary, inclined outlet means for directing high velocity free-oxygen containing gas into the outflowing solid fuel during operation and secondary outlet means around the primary outlet means for conveying shielding low velocity free-oxygen containing gas to the combustion zone.The invention further relates to a process for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein one or more burners of the above type are applied.

Abstract: An atomizer and method of atomization featuring prevention of spray collapse by use of critical spacing of atomizer features is disclosed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus, wherein as hot gas from a coal gasifier discharges through a tubular outlet having therein a wall which is permeable throughout its length for the flow of hot gas centrally therethrough, a gas shield is formed along the inner surface of the tubular outlet by passing a coolant through the wall, which gas shield cools the wall and prevents sticky ash particles in the hot gas from hitting the wall. The gas shield also cools the hot gas so that the sticky ash particles lose their stickiness.