Abstract: Apparatus for the production of molten iron including a metallurgical vessel, having a surrounding wall, a cyclone part provided on top of a smelt reduction part, the cyclone part being in open connection with the smelt reduction part and having at least one supply apparatus around the circumference of the surrounding wall adjusted to introduce oxygen gas into the cyclone part, wherein the at least one supply apparatus is further adjusted to introduce a mixture of oxygen gas and a combustible gas.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of zinc from zinc containing materials using a smelting apparatus for smelting a metalliferous feed material, wherein the smelting apparatus includes a smelting vessel, a smelt cyclone mounted on the smelting vessel and in connection with the inside of the smelting vessel and an off-gas duct connected to the smelt cyclone, and wherein the method includes the steps of: injecting the feed material with a carrier gas into the smelt cyclone, injecting an oxygen containing gas into the smelt cyclone, injecting coal with a carrier gas into the smelting vessel, injecting an oxygen containing gas into the smelting vessel, optionally injecting fluxes with a carrier gas into the smelting vessel, wherein the zinc containing materials are injected into the smelt cyclone and/or into the smelting vessel.

Abstract: A method for off-gas composition control, wherein the off-gas results from a smelting apparatus for smelting a metalliferous feed material, wherein the smelting apparatus includes a smelting vessel, a smelt cyclone mounted on the smelting vessel and in connection with the inside of the smelting vessel and an off-gas duct connected to the smelt cyclone, wherein the method provides that an oxygen containing gas containing 95% oxygen or more is injected into the smelt cyclone and that the feed material is injected into the smelt cyclone with a carrier gas other than nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing iron in a metallurgical vessel, the vessel including a bath of molten iron with on top of the bath of molten iron a layer of slag, wherein a metalliferrous feed, carbon containing material, fluxing material, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the vessel to convert the metalliferrous feed into molten iron that is collected in the bath of molten iron and continuously or semi-continuously tapped from the vessel through an iron—outlet of the vessel, and wherein the composition of the fluxing material is selected to acquire a predetermined slag chemistry, which slag is regularly tapped out of the vessel through a slag—outlet, and the fluxing material includes slag derived from a steelmaking process.

Abstract: Smelting metalliferous feed material process forming molten metal in smelting apparatus including smelt cyclone above and communicating with smelting vessel to contain molten metal and slag bath, including: partially reducing and melting feed material in smelt cyclone, allowing the molten partially reduced feed material flow downwardly into vessel, supplying oxygen-containing gas and carbonaceous material to vessel, smelting molten partially reduced feed material in molten metal and slag bath in vessel forming molten metal discharged from vessel and reaction products projected upwardly from molten bath, at least partially combusting combustible materials in reaction products in vessel space above molten bath, supplying oxygen-containing gas to smelt cyclone.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of zinc from zinc containing materials using a smelting apparatus for smelting a metalliferous feed material, wherein the smelting apparatus includes a smelting vessel, a smelt cyclone mounted on the smelting vessel and in connection with the inside of the smelting vessel and an off-gas duct connected to the smelt cyclone, and wherein the method includes the steps of: injecting the feed material with a carrier gas into the smelt cyclone, injecting an oxygen containing gas into the smelt cyclone, injecting coal with a carrier gas into the smelting vessel, injecting an oxygen containing gas into the smelting vessel, optionally injecting fluxes with a carrier gas into the smelting vessel, wherein the zinc containing materials are injected into the smelt cyclone and/or into the smelting vessel.

Abstract: A method for off-gas composition control, wherein the off-gas results from a smelting apparatus for smelting a metalliferous feed material, wherein the smelting apparatus includes a smelting vessel, a smelt cyclone mounted on the smelting vessel and in connection with the inside of the smelting vessel and an off-gas duct connected to the smelt cyclone, wherein the method provides that an oxygen containing gas containing 95% oxygen or more is injected into the smelt cyclone and that the feed material is injected into the smelt cyclone with a carrier gas other than nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A smelting apparatus that includes (a) a smelting vessel (4) that is adapted to contain a bath of molten metal and slag and (b) a smelt cyclone (2) for pre-treating a metalliferous feed material positioned above and communicating directly with the smelting vessel The apparatus also includes an oft-gas duct (9) extending from the smelt, cyclone for discharging an off-gas from the smelt cyclone. The off-gas duct has an inlet section (18) that extends upwardly from the smelt cyclone and is formed to cause off-gas to undergo a substantial change of direction as it flows through the inlet section of the off-gas duct.

Abstract: A method of operating a smelt cyclone, wherein the supply of feed material and/or the supply of oxygen containing gas through an array of tuyeres into the smelt cyclone is controlled in order to control accretions of metalliferous feed material at the inside of the smelt cyclone.

Abstract: A method of starting a molten-bath based melting process includes commencing supplying cold oxygen-containing gas and cold carbonaceous material into a main chamber of a smelting vessel within at most 3 hours after completing a hot metal charge into the vessel and igniting the carbonaceous material and heating the main chamber and molten metal in the main chamber.

Abstract: A smelting apparatus that includes (a) a smelting vessel (4) that is adapted to contain a bath of molten metal and slag and (b) a smelt cyclone (2) for pre-treating a metalliferous feed material positioned above and communicating directly with the smelting vessel The apparatus also includes an oft-gas duct (9) extending from the smelt, cyclone for discharging an off-gas from the smelt cyclone. The off-gas duct has an inlet section (18) that extends upwardly from the smelt cyclone and is formed to cause off-gas to undergo a substantial change of direction as it flows through the inlet section of the off-gas duct.

Abstract: A method of operating a smelt cyclone, wherein the supply of feed material and/or the supply of oxygen containing gas through an array of tuyeres into the smelt cyclone is controlled in order to control accretions of metalliferous feed material at the inside of the smelt cyclone.

Abstract: A method of starting a molten-bath based melting process includes establishing a sufficiently large and stable “hot zone” for ignition of oxygen and coal in a main chamber of a smelting vessel by independent means, i.e. independently of and before supplying cold oxygen and coal into the main chamber.

Abstract: A method of starting a smelting process in a smelting vessel includes heating frozen slag and forming molten slag and draining molten slag from a forehearth connection via a forehearth and establishing a clear flow path through the forehearth connection and thereafter hot starting the smelting process.

Abstract: A method of starting a smelting process in a smelting vessel includes heating frozen slag and forming molten slag and draining molten slag from a forehearth connection via a forehearth and establishing a clear flow path through the forehearth connection and thereafter hot starting the smelting process.

Abstract: A method of starting a molten-bath based melting process includes establishing a sufficiently large and stable “hot zone” for ignition of oxygen and coal in a main chamber of a smelting vessel by independent means, i.e. independently of and before supplying cold oxygen and coal into the main chamber.

Abstract: A method of starting a molten-bath based melting process includes commencing supplying cold oxygen-containing gas and cold carbonaceous material into a main chamber of a smelting vessel within at most 3 hours after completing a hot metal charge into the vessel and igniting the carbonaceous material and heating the main chamber and molten metal in the main chamber.

Abstract: Metallurgical vessel for iron and steel making including a bottom portion, a sidewall and a lance arrangement of at least two lances for supplying oxygen containing gas to the interior of the vessel in operation. Each lance includes an end portion for emitting oxygen containing gas. The lance arrangement is configured so as to achieve in operation a substantially downwardly directed flow of post-combusted gases at the side wall of the vessel and a substantially upwardly directed flow of post-combusted gases in the center of the vessel.