Abstract: In producing C2-C4 olefins, in particular propylene, from an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, the educt mixture is reacted in a reactor on a catalyst to a reaction mixture comprising low-molecular olefins and gasoline hydrocarbons, which in a first separating device is separated into a mixture rich in C5? olefins, a mixture rich in C5+ gasoline hydrocarbons, and an aqueous phase. To increase the yield of propylene the mixture rich in C5+ gasoline hydrocarbons is supplied to a second separating device, in which the aromatics contained in the mixture are separated. The residual stream largely free from aromatics is at least partly recirculated to the reactor.

Abstract: A process and a plant for producing C2-C4 olefins, in particular propylene, from an educt mixture containing steam as well as methanol vapor and/or dimethyl ether vapor.

Abstract: A process for producing a product containing C3H6 and C2H4 includes simultaneous conversion of MeOH and EtOH in an adiabatic sequentially operated reactor containing a plurality of reaction stages. Each of the plurality of reaction stages of the reactor is provided with a fixed bed of a form-selective catalyst. A gaseous feed stream including MeOH, DME and H2O is charged to at least a first of the reaction stages of the reactor with a temperature in a range of 300 to 600° C. at a pressure in a range of 0.1 to 20 bar[a]. EtOH is fed into at least, one of the reaction stages of the reactor.

Abstract: In a process for producing synthetic fuels from an educt mixture containing hydrogen and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, the educt mixture is reacted on a catalyst in a first process stage to obtain a hydrocarbon product containing olefins with preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms. In a second process stage the hydrocarbon product is oligomerized to long-chain olefins, from which gasoline and Diesel products are obtained. The hydrocarbon product obtained in the first process stage is separated into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase. The gaseous phase is supplied to the second process stage. The liquid phase is separated into a mixture rich in C6? hydrocarbons and a mixture containing C7+ hydrocarbons and aromatics. The mixture rich in C6? hydrocarbons is supplied to the second process stage. The mixture containing C7+ hydrocarbons ?+ and aromatics can be admixed to the gasoline product for quality improvement.

Abstract: Method for producing C3H5(OH)3 and at least one of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) includes mixing vegetable oils and animal fats, at least one of CH3OH and C2H5OH and at least one first catalyst to transesterify a portion of triglycerides and provide a first mixture. The first mixture is separated, with a first light phase being withdrawn and fed into a second mixer where it is mixed with at least one second catalyst to transesterify a further portion of the triglycerides to provide a second mixture. The second mixture is separated, with a second light phase being withdrawn and mixed with soapless C3H5(OH)3 to provide a dispersion which is separated by density difference. A phase containing at least one of raw FAME and raw FAEE is mixed with an aqueous acid, washed with water, with the water being expelled to provide FAME and FAEE product.

Abstract: A process and a plant for producing C2-C4 olefins, in particular propylene, from an educt mixture containing steam as well as methanol vapor and/or dimethyl ether vapor.

Abstract: A process for producing a product containing C3H6 and C2H4 includes simultaneous conversion of MeOH and EtOH in an adiabatic sequentially operated reactor containing a plurality of reaction stages. Each of the plurality of reaction stages of the reactor is provided with a fixed bed of a form-selective catalyst. A gaseous feed stream including MeOH, DME and H2O is charged to at least a first of the reaction stages of the reactor with a temperature in a range of 300 to 600° C. at a pressure in a range of 0.1 to 20 bar[a]. EtOH is fed into at least, one of the reaction stages of the reactor.

Abstract: Method for producing C3H5(OH)3 and at least one of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) includes mixing vegetable oils and animal fats, at least one of CH3OH and C2H5OH and at least one first catalyst to transesterify a portion of triglycerides and provide a first mixture. The first mixture is separated, with a first light phase being withdrawn and fed into a second mixer where it is mixed with at least one second catalyst to transesterify a further portion of the triglycerides to provide a second mixture. The second mixture is separated, with a second light phase being withdrawn and mixed with soapless C2H5(OH)3 to provide a dispersion which is separated by density difference. A phase containing at least one of raw FAME and raw FAEE is mixed with an aqueous acid, washed with water, with the water being expelled to provide FAME and FAEE product.

Abstract: In a process for producing synthetic fuels from an educt mixture containing hydrogen and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, the educt mixture is reacted on a catalyst in a first process stage to obtain a hydrocarbon product containing olefins with preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms. In a second process stage the hydrocarbon product is oligomerized to long-chain olefins, from which gasoline and Diesel products are obtained. The hydrocarbon product obtained in the first process stage is separated into a liquid phase and a gaseous phase. The gaseous phase is supplied to the second process stage. The liquid phase is separated into a mixture rich in C6? hydrocarbons and a mixture containing C7+ hydrocarbons and aromatics. The mixture rich in C6? hydrocarbons is supplied to the second process stage. The mixture containing C7+ hydrocarbons ?+ and aromatics can be admixed to the gasoline product for quality improvement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of monomer organic carbonates from a mixture of organic carbonates and carbamates which are obtained by reacting urea, substituted urea, a salt or ester of carbamide acid or one of the N-substituted derivatives thereof with a polyalkylene glycol, polyester-polyol or a polyether-polyol of general formula (I), wherein R represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2-12 carbon atoms and n represents a number between 2 and 20, or with a completely or partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol of general formula (II), wherein R? represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an acyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, p and q represent a number between 120, or with mixtures of said compounds in the presence of a catalyst facilitating the separation of ammonia and the ammonia becomes free or the amine is removed from the reaction mixture by means of a strip gas, whereby said mixture is reacted with an alcohol or a phenol whereby monomer carbonates are formed and po

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of monomer organic carbonates, wherein urea, substituted urea, a salt or an ester of carbamide acid or one of the N-substituted derivatives thereof is reacted in a first step in a polyalkylene glycol, a polyester-polyol or a polyether-polyol of general formula (I), wherein R represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2-12 carbon atoms and n is a number between (2) and (20), or in a completely or partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol of general formula (II) wherein R? represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an acyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, p and q are numbers between 1 and 20, or in mixtures of said compounds in the presence of a catalyst facilitating the separation of ammonia in order to form a mixture containing carbonates and carbamates, the ammonia becomes free or the amine is removed form the reaction mixture by means of a strip gas.

Abstract: In producing C2-C4 olefins, in particular propylene, from an educt mixture containing steam and oxygenates, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, the educt mixture is reacted in a reactor on a catalyst to a reaction mixture comprising low-molecular olefins and gasoline hydrocarbons, which in a first separating device is separated into a mixture rich in C5? olefins, a mixture rich in C5+ gasoline hydrocarbons, and an aqueous phase. To increase the yield of propylene the mixture rich in C5+ gasoline hydrocarbons is supplied to a second separating device, in which the aromatics contained in the mixture are separated. The residual stream largely free from aromatics is at least partly recirculated to the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intermediate product based on the organic carbonates and carbamates mixture and method for the production thereof. The inventive method consists in reacting a carbamide, a substituted carbamide, a carbamic acid salt or ester or one of the N-substituted derivatives thereof in a glycol polyalkylene, polyol polyester or a polyol polyether of general formula (I), wherein R is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and n is a number ranging from 1 to 20, or in a totally or partly hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol of general formula (II), wherein R? is an alkyl, aryl or acyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms p and q are numbers ranging from 1 to 20, or dissolving in the mixture of said compounds with an alkaline catalyst promoting the ammonia separation. The thus free ammonia or an amine produced by the reaction mixture is removed by a stripping gas.

Abstract: In the presence of a catalyst, at least one isoparaffin having 4 to 6 C atoms per molecule is reacted with at least one olefin having 2 to 6 C atoms per molecule in a liquid phase to obtain a product containing alkylate, a suspension containing isoparaffin and a granular zeolite catalyst being supplied to the upper region of a reaction column. Below the point where the catalyst-containing suspension is supplied, an isoparaffin-olefin mixture is introduced into the reaction column, the temperatures in the reaction column being maintained in the range from 50 to 120° C. From the bottom region of the reaction column a product mixture containing alkylate is withdrawn, and in a separation by distillation alkylate product is recovered therefrom. Preferably, isoparaffin and catalyst are recovered from the separation by distillation and at least partly recirculated to the upper region of the reaction column.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of monomer organic carbonates, wherein urea, substituted urea, a salt or an ester of carbamide acid or one of the N-substituted derivatives thereof is reacted in a first step in a polyalkylene glycol, a polyester-polyol or a polyether-polyol of general formula (I), wherein R represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2-12 carbon atoms and n is a number between (2) and (20), or in a completely or partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol of general formula (II) wherein R? represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an acyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, p and q are numbers between 1 and 20, or in mixtures of said compounds in the presence of a catalyst facilitating the separation of ammonia in order to form a mixture containing carbonates and carbamates, the ammonia becomes free or the amine is removed form the reaction mixture by means of a strip gas.

Abstract: The granular, form-selective zeolite catalyst used as bed in a process of producing lower olefins from a feed mixture of higher olefins must be decoked from time to time. This is effected such that the reactor is rinsed with a nitrogen stream heated to 460 to 500° C. for expelling the hydrocarbons, the reactor is then cooled with a nitrogen stream heated to 420 to <460° C., a nitrogen/air mixture heated to 460 to 500° C. then flows through the reactor until complete decoking, and subsequently the reactor is rinsed with a nitrogen stream heated to 460 to 500° C.

Abstract: In the presence of a catalyst, at least one isoparaffin having 4 to 6 C atoms per molecule is reacted with at least one olefin having 2 to 6 C atoms per molecule in a liquid phase to obtain a product containing alkylate, a suspension containing isoparaffin and a granular zeolite catalyst being supplied to the upper region of a reaction column. Below the point where the catalyst-containing suspension is supplied, an isoparaffin-olefin mixture is introduced into the reaction column, the temperatures in the reaction column being maintained in the range from 50 to 120° C. From the bottom region of the reaction column a product mixture containing alkylate is withdrawn, and in a separation by distillation alkylate product is recovered therefrom. Preferably, isoparaffin and catalyst are recovered from the separation by distillation and at least partly recirculated to the upper region of the reaction column.

Abstract: A liquid starting mixture contains at least one fatty acid having 6 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule and per mole of fatty acid comprises 1.0 to 1.5 moles of fatty alcohol having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. An intermediate product which contains at least 50% by weight is prepared from the liquid starting product, which is passed at temperatures from about 120 to 320.degree. C. through a stirring zone and is sprayed and water vapor is removed. The intermediate product is hydrogenated to produce a raw product, which contains at least 75% by weight fatty alcohol. A partial stream which contains fatty alcohol is removed from the raw product and is added to the liquid starting mixture. The intermediate product which contains at least 50% by weight wax ester can be prepared without use of a solids containing catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enzymatically degumming vegetable oil where the vegetable oil to be degummed is adjusted to a pH from 3 to 6 and is mixed with an aqueous enzyme solution, which contains one of the enzymes phospholipase A1, A2 or B. In a degumming reactor the enzymes are permitted to act on the oil at temperatures from 20.degree. to 90.degree. C. with stirring. Before or after a separation of the degummed oil a separation promoter or a solubilizer is added at temperatures from 20.degree. to 90.degree. C. to the liquid which has been withdrawn from the degumming reactor. A substantially sludgefree solution, which contains used enymes, is thus recovered and is recycled at least in part to a location preceding the degumming rector. The content of recycled used enzymes in the total amount of the enzymes dispersed in the oil is at least 10%.

Abstract: The wax ester is prepared from a liquid mixture which contains at least one fatty acid and at least one fatty alcohol. The fatty acid and the fatty alcohol contain 6 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule. The mixture is agitated at temperatures in the range from about 105.degree.to 300.degree. C. and is sprayed into a spraying zone. An atmosphere which contains water vapor is formed in the spraying zone and is removed at least in part. The mixture of fatty acid and fatty alcohol may be agitated in at least one stirred vessel preceding the spraying zone. A catalyst is preferably not added.