Abstract: A method and apparatus for X-ray diffraction analysis of amorphous and/or semi-crystalline materials is able to provide the internal strain map of at least the exposed region of the material, even in the amorphous regions of the material. This is achieved in part by providing several unique and novel analysis methods that are able to extract material properties of semi-crystalline and amorphous materials based on the amorphous diffraction signal. The ability to analyse the amorphous diffraction signal is further facilitated by the use of one or more state-of-the-art energy dispersive detectors, which the inventors have found especially suitable for this purpose. This further allows the use of a polychromatic X-ray source as opposed to the monochromatic X-ray sources typically encountered in X-ray diffraction experiments.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a docusate; an osmotic laxative; and a benzoate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a docusate; an osmotic laxative; and a benzoate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic machine comprising a housing section with a housing, a commutation section and a gear wheel section, the gear wheel section comprising a gear wheel set with an internally toothed gear ring and an externally toothed gear wheel, which engage each other and form working chambers that are connected to at least one inlet connection and at least one outlet connection via the commutation section that comprises a rotary slide valve and a valve plate. It is endeavored to provide such a hydraulic machine that requires only little space. For this purpose, a sealing is arranged between the rotary slide valve and the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic machine comprising a housing section with a housing, a commutation section and a gear wheel section, the gear wheel section comprising a gear wheel set with an internally toothed gear ring and an externally toothed gear wheel, which engage each other and form working chambers that are connected to at least one inlet connection and at least one outlet connection via the commutation section that comprises a rotary slide valve and a valve plate. It is endeavoured to provide such a hydraulic machine that requires only little space. For this purpose, a sealing is arranged between the rotary slide valve and the housing.

Abstract: p-Amino phenols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 nd R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, halogen, COOH, SO.sub.3 H or NO.sub.2, are produced by electrolytic reduction of p-phenylazophenols of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, in an aqueous basic medium at a pH value at least equal to the pKa value of the p-phenylazophenol and at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C., preferably 70.degree. to 100.degree. C.The compounds (I) can hereby be produced without problems, in particular of an environmental nature, which are associated with the chemical reducing methods.The process is particularly useful for the preparation of the compound 5-aminosalicylic acid which is a valuable active component of certain medicaments for the treatment of colitis ulcerose and Crohn's disease.