Abstract: The invention relates to a ring seal for sealing a gap between two parts that can be moved axially to one another, with a cross-sectional profile, which is constant in the circumferential direction and has a symmetrical design with respect to a radially oriented axis of symmetry (S), and with a dynamic sealing surface arranged radially outside or radially inside on the cross-sectional profile, and a groove base area arranged radially opposite the sealing surface, wherein that the sealing surface has a first central section (I) which, in the cross-sectional profile, has a radius R of R<B/2 with respect to an axial width B of the ring seal, and the sealing surface further has a second and third section (II, III) which enclose the first central section between them, and that the sealing surface in the region of the second and third sections (II, III) is in each case embodied as a planar annular surface which is oriented at an angle (?) of 60 to 85 degrees with respect to the axis of symmetry of the cross-sect

Abstract: The invention relates to a ring seal for sealing a gap between two parts that can be moved axially to one another, with a cross-sectional profile, which is constant in the circumferential direction and has a symmetrical design with respect to a radially oriented axis of symmetry (S), and with a dynamic sealing surface arranged radially outside or radially inside on the cross-sectional profile, and a groove base area arranged radially opposite the sealing surface, wherein that the sealing surface has a first central section (I) which, in the cross-sectional profile, has a radius R of R<B/2 with respect to an axial width B of the ring seal, and the sealing surface further has a second and third section (II, III) which enclose the first central section between them, and that the sealing surface in the region of the second and third sections (II, III) is in each case embodied as a planar annular surface which is oriented at an angle (?) of 60 to 85 degrees with respect to the axis of symmetry of the cross-sect

Abstract: A filtration assembly structured to filter reductant includes an outer housing and an inner housing. The inner housing is positioned within the outer housing. The inner housing is structured to contain the reductant and operable between a first state in which the inner housing has a first volume and a second state in which the inner housing has a second volume that is larger than the first volume, the inner housing including an end face. The inner housing is separated from the outer housing by a gap when the inner housing is in the first state. A volume of the gap decreases as the inner housing transitions from the first state to the second state and increases as the inner housing transitions from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: A filtration assembly structured to filter reductant includes an outer housing and an inner housing. The inner housing is positioned within the outer housing. The inner housing is structured to contain the reductant and operable between a first state in which the inner housing has a first volume and a second state in which the inner housing has a second volume that is larger than the first volume, the inner housing including an end face. The inner housing is separated from the outer housing by a gap when the inner housing is in the first state. A volume of the gap decreases as the inner housing transitions from the first state to the second state and increases as the inner housing transitions from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source may be arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source may be arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: A method for controlling the effective heat transfer from a storage unit (1). During gas release from storage material (3) in the storage unit the storage material is heated by a heater (2). During re-saturation of the storage material (3) with gas the heater is off. Controlling of the effective heat transfer from the storage unit (1) is performed, during gas release, by ceasing convection of a convection gas and, during re-saturation, by performing or enabling convection of a convection gas to cool the storage unit (1).

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating the degree of saturation (S) of a reversible solid ammonia storage material (3) in a storage unit (1). The storage unit (1) is equipped with a heater (2) to release ammonia and a connected tube (4) for ammonia flow. The initial temperature (TINIT) is measured with a sensor (9) in or around the storage unit (1) before any heating is initiated. Heating is initiated while recording the active time of heating (t) or the amount of energy (Q) released by the heater. The desorption pressure created by solid storage material in the storage unit (1) is measured via a pressure sensor (8) in fluid communication with the storage unit (1). The time (tTARGET), or the heat (QTARGET) where the pressure reaches a certain target pressure (PTARGET) is recorded. The values of the target-pressure time (tTARGET), or the target-pressure heat (QTARGET), and the initial temperature (TINIT) are used to compute an approximate degree of saturation (S).

Abstract: A method of saturating reversible ammonia storage materials inside a container for the purpose of achieving high volumetric ammonia storage capacity and containers filled with the materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of storing and delivering ammonia and the use of electromagnetic radiation for desorption of ammonia from a chemical complex. Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gases. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH3)nXz, where M2+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges). Ammonia is released non-thermally by photon-activation using electromagnetic irradiation of the complex bond between ammonia coordinated to the metal ion.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating the degree of saturation (S) of a reversible solid ammonia storage material (3) in a storage unit (1). The storage unit (1) is equipped with a heater (2) to release ammonia and a connected tube (4) for ammonia flow. The initial temperature (TINIT) is measured with a sensor (9) in or around the storage unit (1) before any heating is initiated. Heating is initiated while recording the active time of heating (t) or the amount of energy (Q) released by the heater. The desorption pressure created by solid storage material in the storage unit (1) is measured via a pressure sensor (8) in fluid communication with the storage unit (1). The time (tTARGET), or the heat (QTARGET) where the pressure reaches a certain target pressure (PTARGET) is recorded. The values of the target-pressure time (tTARGET), or the target-pressure heat (QTARGET), and the initial temperature (TINIT) are used to compute an approximate degree of saturation (S).

Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia, including a solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system is able to release ammonia gradually according to a demand that can vary over time with intermediate periods of no ammonia demand. A main storage unit and a start-up storage unit are provided. The storage units hold ammonia storage material. At least one one-way valve is provided via which the one main storage unit is in communication with the start-up storage unit. The one-way valve prevents any back-flow of ammonia from the start-up storage unit to the main storage unit. Heating devices are arranged to heat the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit separately to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material.

Abstract: A method for controlling the effective heat transfer from a storage unit (1). During gas release from storage material (3) in the storage unit the storage material is heated by a heater (2). During re-saturation of the storage material (3) with gas the heater is off. Controlling of the effective heat transfer from the storage unit (1) is performed, during gas release, by ceasing convection of a convection gas and, during re-saturation, by performing or enabling convection of a convection gas to cool the storage unit (1).

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source is arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: A method of saturating reversible ammonia storage materials inside a container for the purpose of achieving high volumetric ammonia storage capacity and containers filled with the materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia, including a solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system is able to release ammonia gradually according to a demand that can vary over time with intermediate periods of no ammonia demand. A main storage unit and a start-up storage unit are provided. The storage units hold ammonia storage material. At least one one-way valve is provided via which the one main storage unit is in communication with the start-up storage unit. The one-way valve prevents any back-flow of ammonia from the start-up storage unit to the main storage unit. Heating devices are arranged to heat the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit separately to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material.

Abstract: Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gases or as an energy carrier for fuel cell applications. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH3)nXz, where Mz+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges). Ammonia is released by controlled dosing of water into the storage container whereby ammonia is released because water replaces ammonia on the active sites capable of binding ammonia. Consequently, ammonia can be released without applying a normal thermal desorption of ammonia and the operating temperature of the system is reduced as well as the energy needed for releasing ammonia.

Abstract: A system for storing ammonia in and releasing ammonia from a storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption or absorption for a process with a gradual ammonia demand that can vary over the time. The system has a container capable of housing the ammonia-containing storage material; a heating source arranged to supply heat for the desorption of ammonia from the solid storage medium; and a controller arranged to control the heating source to release ammonia. The heating source is arranged inside the container and surrounded by ammonia storage material. A controllable dosing valve is arranged to dose released ammonia according to the ammonia demand. The controller comprises a feed-forward control arranged to control the heat supplied by the heating source, based on the ammonia demand.

Abstract: A method of storing and delivering ammonia and the use of electromagnetic radiation for desorption of ammonia from a chemical complex. Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gases. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH3)nXz, where M2+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges).

Abstract: A composite piston (10) for a motor vehicle transmission comprises a support body (14) and at least one rotationally symmetric annular seal comprising an elastomer sealing lip (16, 17) interacting in a sealing manner with a component (11, 12) forming a cylindrical sliding surface (21, 23), wherein the composite piston (10) can be displaced translationally relative to the component (11, 12) forming the cylindrical sliding surface. The annular seal comprises an elastomer annular bead (20, 22) displaced axially relative to the sealing lip (16, 17), wherein the annular bead is arranged to have a distance d1, d2 from the sliding surface (21, 23) in the non-loaded state larger than or equal to zero.