Abstract: A device includes a thinned semiconductor substrate having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; and at least one radio frequency device at the first side, wherein the second side of the thinned semiconductor substrate is processed to reduce leakage currents or to improve a radio frequency linearity of the at least one radio frequency device through Bosch etchin

Abstract: A device includes a thinned semiconductor substrate having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; and at least one radio frequency device at the first side, wherein the second side of the thinned semiconductor substrate is processed to reduce leakage currents or to improve a radio frequency linearity of the at least one radio frequency device through Bosch etching.

Abstract: In a cyclic anthraquinone process for producing hydrogen peroxide, which comprises a distillation unit with vapor compression for concentrating hydrogen peroxide, aqueous condensate from the distillation unit is passed over a bed of a cation exchange resin in its protonated from to provide a purified condensate, and the purified condensate is used as extractant for extracting hydrogen peroxide in the anthraquinone process, as column reflux for the distillation unit or as a diluent for diluting an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.

Abstract: In a cyclic anthraquinone process for producing hydrogen peroxide, which comprises a distillation unit with vapor compression for concentrating hydrogen peroxide, aqueous condensate from the distillation unit is passed over a bed of a cation exchange resin in its protonated from to provide a purified condensate, and the purified condensate is used as extractant for extracting hydrogen peroxide in the anthraquinone process, as column reflux for the distillation unit or as a diluent for diluting an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.

Abstract: A filter cigarillo comprises a bunch, which includes tobacco surrounded by a binder. A first section, different from a general bunch and providing some strengthening effect, is arranged at one end of the bunch. A natural-leaf wrapper surrounds the general bunch and the first section. A second section, which comprises filter material, is arranged downstream of the first section. The second section is connected to the natural-leaf wrapper by an outer tipping.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for filling cigarette tubes with tobacco comprises a base (10), a magazine chamber (2) adapted to receive a supply of tobacco (T), a lid (20) adapted to close a top of the magazine chamber (2), a filling chamber (4) adapted to receive the tobacco to be filled into a cigarette tube, a stamp (30) adapted to shape the tobacco of the filling chamber (4), and a slider arranged in the filling chamber (4) which transfers the tobacco of the filling chamber (4) into a cigarette tube supported in front of the filling chamber (4). A press-down lever (6) is connected to the stamp (30) and to a coupling mechanism in order to move the slider after actuation of the stamp (30). A pusher for forwarding the tobacco in the magazine chamber can also be coupled to the press-down lever.

Abstract: A system for self-assembly of cigarettes includes a stuffing device (50) and a tobacco package (1). The tobacco package (1) has a first end side (2) and a second end side (3), and comprises on both end sides (2, 3) a cover that protrudes for the distance. The tobacco package (1) is filled with tobacco (6). The stuffing device (50) comprises a pressing chamber (54) having a longitudinal direction, into which the tobacco (6) can be filled via a longitudinal filling opening (56), the tobacco being able to be formed into a tobacco strand by means of a pressing bar (58) that can be moved laterally to the longitudinal direction of the pressing chamber (54), and a pushing device (62) that can be transferred from the pressing chamber (54) into a cigarette paper wrap disposed in front of the pressing chamber (54) by means of a sliding device (62) that can be moved in a longitudinal direction of the pressing chamber (54).

Abstract: A filter cigarillo comprises a bunch, which includes tobacco surrounded by a binder. A first section, different from a general bunch and providing some strengthening effect, is arranged at one end of the bunch. A natural-leaf wrapper surrounds the general bunch and the first section. A second section, which comprises filter material, is arranged downstream of the first section. The second section is connected to the natural-leaf wrapper by an outer tipping.

Abstract: In a filter cigarette having a tobacco strand, a wrapping and a filter, the filter possesses at least one gas phase-active filter part which contains at least one gas phase-reducing substance. The gas phase-reducing substances are embedded in a filter material matrix. They are introduced in a quantity of at least 75 mg per filter and at least 5 mg/mm of the length of the gas phase-active filter part. The filter cigarette exhibits a filter ventilation of at most 30% (or of from 30% to 70%). The NFDPM value is between 4 and 10 mg/cigarette (or in the range of from 2 to 4 mg/Cigarette), as measured in accordance with ISO smoking conditions. The gas phase quotient Q1, defined as (?g of benzene per cigarette)/(mg of CO per cigarette) and measured in accordance with ISO smoking conditions, is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.

Abstract: A fine-cut-tobacco portion pack (50) for use in making home-made cigarettes contains a wrapper (52) which encloses on all sides a fine-cut-tobacco filling with at least one separated tobacco portion for making a cigarette. The wrapper (52) is preferably provided with an opening device (58) for opening the wrapper (52).

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for filling cigarette tubes with tobacco comprises a base (10), a magazine chamber (2) adapted to receive a supply of tobacco (T), a lid (20) adapted to close a top of the magazine chamber (2), a filling chamber (4) adapted to receive the tobacco to be filled into a cigarette tube, a stamp (30) adapted to shape the tobacco of the filling chamber (4), and a slider arranged in the filling chamber (4) which transfers the tobacco of the filling chamber (4) into a cigarette tube supported in front of the filling chamber (4). A press-down lever (6) is connected to the stamp (30) and to a coupling mechanism in order to move the slider after actuation of the stamp (30). A pusher for forwarding the tobacco in the magazine chamber can also be coupled to the press-down lever.

Abstract: In a process of manufacturing smokeless tobacco articles on a rod-making device, an endless tobacco web (1a), the filler web, is shaped into an endless rod (1b), preferably by use of a funnel-like formatting device (4). Another endless web (5a), the wrapper web, is provided as a wrapper and wrapped around the endless rod (1b). The endless wrapped rod is cut into individual cylindrical portions (11).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a filter cigarillo (1) which has tobacco (4), a filter (8) at the mouth end of the filter cigarillo (1), and a covering sheet (12) which extends over the whole length of the filter cigarillo (1). A banderole-like marking (14), which leaves free the mouth end (2) of the filter cigarillo (1), is disposed at the mouth half of the covering sheet (12). Preferably, below the covering sheet (12), the tobacco (4) is surrounded by a surround sheet (6), and the filter (8) is connected to the surround sheet (6) by means of a filter cover (10).

Abstract: A system for self-assembly of cigarettes includes a stuffing device (50) and a tobacco package (1). The tobacco package (1) has a first end side (2) and a second end side (3), and comprises on both end sides (2, 3) a cover that protrudes for the distance. The tobacco package (1) is filled with tobacco (6). The stuffing device (50) comprises a pressing chamber (54) having a longitudinal direction, into which the tobacco (6) can be filled via a longitudinal filling opening (56), the tobacco being able to be formed into a tobacco strand by means of a pressing bar (58) that can be moved laterally to the longitudinal direction of the pressing chamber (54), and a pushing device (62) that can be transferred from the pressing chamber (54) into a cigarette paper wrap disposed in front of the pressing chamber (54) by means of a sliding device (62) that can be moved in a longitudinal direction of the pressing chamber (54).

Abstract: In a filter cigarette having a tobacco strand, a wrapping and a filter, the filter possesses at least one gas phase-active filter part which contains at least one gas phase-reducing substance. The gas phase-reducing substances are embedded in a filter material matrix. They are introduced in a quantity of at least 75 mg per filter and at least 5 mg/mm of the length of the gas phase-active filter part. The filter cigarette exhibits a filter ventilation of at most 30% (or of from 30% to 70%). The NFDPM value is between 4 and 10 mg/cigarette (or in the range of from 2 to 4 mg/Cigarette), as measured in accordance with ISO smoking conditions. The gas phase quotient Q1, defined as (?g of benzene per cigarette)/(mg of CO per cigarette) and measured in accordance with ISO smoking conditions, is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.

Abstract: A fine-cut-tobacco portion pack (50) for use in making home-made cigarettes contains a wrapper (52) which encloses on all sides a fine-cut-tobacco filling with at least one separated tobacco portion for making a cigarette. The wrapper (52) is preferably provided with an opening device (58) for opening the wrapper (52).

Abstract: The invention relates to a ventilated filter cigarette with a wrapped one-part tobacco strand (11) and with a filter (20) having a ventilation means, said filter consisting of at least two filter parts (22,23). ventilation holes (14) are provided in the area of the mouth side filter part (22). Moreover, the mouth side filter part (22) is formed of a one-part filter segment, whereas the strand side filter part (23) is a filter segment (23) with a core (24) and a sleeve (26), and thus forms a so-called coaxial filter part or a coaxial filter.

Abstract: A rod-like smoking product with a strand-like filler rod of comminuted smoking tobacco and which is enclosed by a mantle of reconstituted tobacco sheets. At least one of these tobacco sheets is essentially obtained from 75 to 100% by weight of tobacco-inherent constituents including tobacco extract obtained from leaf or cut tobacco blend and tobacco rib material, and tobacco cellulose obtained from cut tobacco blend or scrap and stalk or rib material where the ratio of leaf and scrap material to stalk and rib material is in the range of 1:1.1 to 1:5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ventilated filter cigarette having a filter with three chambers, including a middle chamber containing an adsorbent. The strand-side chamber next to the middle chamber achieves a high pressure drop and a low tar retention by means of a smoke-permeable flow passage, such as a core made from smoke-permeable cellulose acetate fibers, that is enclosed by a casing made from virtually smoke-impermeable cellulose acetate fibers.

Abstract: The ventilated filter cigarettes of the present invention have an American-blend flavor. The cigarettes comprise Virginia tobacco with main stream smoke have a condensate/nicotine ratio of 5:1 to 9:1, a condensate value of 10 mg maximum, a pH-value greater than 6.0, and a pollutant index of less than 35. Specific features of this invention include: a filling tobacco comprising Virginia tobacco with a high nicotine content of 2 to 3.5% by weight; a packing density is 150 to 250 mg/cm.sup.3 ; a cigarette paper having an air permeability of 3 to 20 CORESTA units, in which the cigarette rod is in the hardness/haptic range of 1.9 to 2.5 mm ET; a fine-titre cellulose acetate filter having no flavor-modifying additives and having an individual titre of 1.3 to 2.5 denier, and a total titre of 40,000 to 55,000 denier resulting in a draw resistance of 95 to 160 daPa for a length of 21 mm and a diameter of 7.