Abstract: A heater (15) for a sensor (10) comprises a substrate (20), an electrically conductive heating structure (21) on the substrate (20), and one or more connecting portions (28) for electrically connecting the heating structure (21) to one or more outside terminals (14) of the sensor (10). The substrate (20) is rigid and can comprise ceramics, preferably alumina ceramics.

Abstract: A radiation sensor (10) comprises one or more radiation sensing elements (1) providing an electric signal in dependence of incident radiation, a housing (4, 5) confining the sensing element and permitting incidence of radiation from outside onto the sensing element, plural terminals (7) for supplying electrical power to the sensor and at least for outputting a sensor output signal, and circuitry (2) receiving the electric signal of the sensing element and providing the output signal in accordance with the electric signal of the sensing element. The circuitry comprises a switching signal circuitry for generating an on/off output signal for a switchable component external to the sensor and/or a digital output signal circuitry for providing a multiple bit serial output signal, and the sensor has one output terminal (7a) for outputting the on/off output signal or the multiple bit serial output signal.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting electromagnetic radiation comprises a sensor element, a housing in which the sensor element is disposed, and a radiation inlet window provided in the housing and closed by a material transmissible for the radiation to be detected. The transmissible material is fixed to the housing by fixation means not disposed in the field of view of the sensor element.

Abstract: A sensor element for detecting electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the infrared range, comprises one or more heat-sensitive portions provided on a substrate and one or more influencing layers for influencing the absorption and/or reflection of the electromagnetic radiation to be detected. The heat-sensitive portion(s) and/or the influencing layers are arranged on the substrate in accordance with the thermal properties of the influencing layers, preferably asymmetrically.

Abstract: A pyroelectric material is made of lithium tantalate treated to an extent that a bulk resistivity is in a range of less than 2e+14?*cm, preferably less than 5e+12?*cm, but more than a lower threshold is obtained.

Abstract: A sensor (30) for detecting electromagnetic radiation comprises a sensor element (10), a housing (31, 33) in which the sensor element is disposed, and a radiation inlet window (35) provided in the housing and closed by a material (32) transmissible for the radiation to be detected. The transmissible material (32) is fixed to the housing by fixation means (38) not disposed in the field of view of the sensor element.

Abstract: A sensor element (10) for detecting electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the infrared range, comprises one or more heat-sensitive portions (4a, 4b) provided on a substrate (1-3) and one or more influencing layers (5a, 5b) for influencing the absorption and/or reflection of the electromagnetic radiation to be detected. The heat-sensitive portion(s) and/or the influencing layers are arranged on the substrate in accordance with the thermal properties of the influencing layers, preferably asymmetrically.