Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for normalizing audio transmissions from multiple endpoints within a teleconference. A first audio transmission from a first participant of a teleconference can be received for presentation at the teleconference. The first audio transmission can be analyzed to classify one or more audio signatures of the first audio transmission as speech. A difference can be determined between the audio level of the one or more audio signatures and an audio level of second transmissions. Based on the difference, the first audio transmission can be normalized to adjust a gain of the first transmission. The transmission can be output to the teleconference.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for removing transient noises (e.g., keyboard “clicks”) detected in an audio signal. An adaptive jitter buffer and packet loss concealer (“JB/PLC”) is deployed on the transmitting side of a system (e.g., a Voice-over-IP (VoIP) system) to remove transient noises detected in an audio signal before the signal is transmitted over a network to the receiving side of the system. By utilizing the adaptation capabilities of the JB/PLC, the methods and systems provided produce better-sounding transient removal than other existing approaches.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of transmitting a video bitstream to a first and at least a second endpoint with varying bandwidth capacities including identifying bandwidth capacities of the first and second endpoints, the second endpoint having less bandwidth capacity than the first endpoint, encoding at least a portion of the video bitstream to generate at least one version of a first data partition and a plurality of versions of at least a second data partition, the plurality of versions of the second data partition including at least one high quality version and at least one low quality version of the second data partition, transmitting the at least one version of the first partition and the at least one high quality version of the second partition to the first endpoint and transmitting the at least one low quality version of the second partition to the second endpoint.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for estimating available bandwidth for transmitting a media stream over a network, the media stream having a plurality of frames. One method includes receiving some of the plurality of frames, each frame of the plurality of frames having a inter-frame size differential and an inter-arrival time differential, detecting whether at least some of the inter-arrival time differentials are outside of a steady-state range using at least some of the inter-frame size differentials, and estimating an available bandwidth based on the detected change and using a processor.

Abstract: A buffer level for jitter data buffer is determined. A frame payload size difference is determined for a plurality of video frames encoded into data packets sequentially received from a network. The difference is a difference in a payload size of a current frame and a previous frame. A frame network transit delay is determined as a difference in a transport time between the current frame and the previous frame and an expected transport time between the current frame and the previous frame. A slope and a variance of a linear relationship between the frame payload size difference and the frame network transit delay are determined for the plurality of video frames. Finally, a buffer level of a jitter data buffer is determined using a maximum frame payload size, an average frame payload size, the slope and the variance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of decoding a sequence of prediction-coded video frames using a primary and a secondary state-dependent decoder. The method includes receiving an incomplete frame at the primary decoder, copying a state of the primary decoder into the secondary decoder, decoding and outputting the incomplete frame and subsequent frames at the primary decoder, receiving data restoring the incomplete frame, decoding the restored incomplete frame and subsequent frames at the secondary decoder until the secondary decoder has caught up with the primary decoder; and copying the state of the secondary decoder into the primary decoder; wherein the secondary decoder has access to the subsequent frames received after the incomplete frame.

Abstract: A buffer level for jitter data buffer is determined. A frame payload size difference is determined for a plurality of video frames encoded into data packets sequentially received from a network. The difference is a difference in a payload size of a current frame and a previous frame. A frame network transit delay is determined as a difference in a transport time between the current frame and the previous frame and an expected transport time between the current frame and the previous frame. A slope and a variance of a linear relationship between the frame payload size difference and the frame network transit delay are determined for the plurality of video frames. Finally, a buffer level of a jitter data buffer is determined using a maximum frame payload size, an average frame payload size, the slope and the variance.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for transmitting a packetized video stream over a network comprising receiving a frame of a video stream having a plurality of partitions of varying sizes, the plurality of partitions having an ordered sequence, identifying one or more of the plurality of partitions having a size that is less than a predetermined maximum, and allocating the identified one or more of the plurality of partitions into a plurality of packets in a manner that: (a) results in each packet having a size that is less than the predetermined maximum; (b) minimizes a cost value that is based at least in part on the difference between the size of the smallest packet and the size of the largest packet; and (c) maintains the allocated partitions in the ordered sequence. After allocation, the packets are transmitted over the network.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method for determining a buffer level of a jitter data buffer (203) comprised in a receiver (200) adapted to sequentially receive data packets from a communications network (202), wherein frames are encoded into the data packets. Each frame may comprise timestamp information and payload size information. The buffer level is determined on the basis of a first part of frame arrival delay related to payload size variation between frames and a second part related to the amount of crosstraffic in the communications network (202). It is further disclosed a receiver (200) adapted to sequentially receive data packets from a communications network (202), wherein frames are encoded into the data packets, the receiver (200) comprising a data jitter buffer (203) and being adapted to perform the method.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method for determining a buffer level of a jitter data buffer (203) comprised in a receiver (200) adapted to sequentially receive data packets from a communications network (202), wherein frames are encoded into the data packets. Each frame may comprise timestamp information and payload size information. The buffer level is determined on the basis of a first part of frame arrival delay related to payload size variation between frames and a second part related to the amount of crosstraffic in the communications network (202). It is further disclosed a receiver (200) adapted to sequentially receive data packets from a communications network (202), wherein frames are encoded into the data packets, the receiver (200) comprising a data jitter buffer (203) and being adapted to perform the method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of decoding a sequence of prediction-coded video frames using a primary and a secondary state-dependent decoder. The method includes receiving an incomplete frame at the primary decoder, copying a state of the primary decoder into the secondary decoder, decoding and outputting the incomplete frame and subsequent frames at the primary decoder, receiving data restoring the incomplete frame, decoding the restored incomplete frame and subsequent frames at the secondary decoder until the secondary decoder has caught up with the primary decoder; and copying the state of the secondary decoder into the primary decoder; wherein the secondary decoder has access to the subsequent frames received after the incomplete frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a receiver having control logic means for determining a target packet level of a jitter buffer adapted to receive packets with digitized signal samples, which packets are subject to delay jitter, from a packet data network. According to the invention, the jitter buffer is made adaptive to current network conditions, i.e., the nature and magnitude of the jitter observed by the receiver, by collecting statistical measures that describe these conditions. The target buffer level is determined with regard to the effect of packet losses in terms of duration of the discontinued playback of the true signal. This effect is derived from statistical measures of the network conditions as perceived by the receiving side and as reflected by a probability mass function which is continuously updated with packet inter-arrival times. The target buffer level is the result of minimization of a cost function which weights the internal buffer delay and an expected length of buffer underflow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a receiver having control logic means for determining a target packet level of a jitter buffer adapted to receive packets with digitized signal samples, which packets are subject to delay jitter, from a packet data network. According to the invention, the jitter buffer is made adaptive to current network conditions, i.e., the nature and magnitude of the jitter observed by the receiver, by collecting statistical measures that describe these conditions. The target buffer level is determined with regard to the effect of packet losses in terms of duration of the discontinued playback of the true signal. This effect is derived from statistical measures of the network conditions as perceived by the receiving side and as reflected by a probability mass function which is continuously updated with packet inter-arrival times. The target buffer level is the result of minimization of a cost function which weights the internal buffer delay and an expected length of buffer underflow.