Abstract: A scanner arrangement for a temperature measurement system for measuring a temperature of a measured surface is disclosed. The scanner arrangement includes a first temperature sensor and a reference assembly. The reference assembly includes an opening including a reference surface, a second temperature sensor in contact with and for measuring the temperature of the reference surface, and a heater for heating the reference surface in accordance with control signals from a controller. The first temperature sensor has a field of view covering a portion of the measured surface and the reference surface. In embodiments, the temperature measurement system is integrated into a photo-thermal treatment unit providing a cooling air stream and laser energy, controlled by the controller. The opening and reference surface cooperate such that the reference surface is protected from direct exposure to the cooling air stream and the laser energy.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system for measuring a temperature of a measured surface includes: 1) a first temperature sensor; and 2) a reference surface including a second temperature sensor integrated therein. The first temperature sensor includes a field of view simultaneously covering both at least a portion of the measured surface and at least a portion of the reference surface, thus is configured for simultaneously taking a first measurement of both the portion of the measured surface and the portion of the reference surface. The first measurement of the reference surface taken by the first temperature sensor is compared to a second measurement taken by the second temperature sensor for use in calibrating the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: A method of treating a patient with a therapeutic laser pulse includes applying a cooling mechanism to a first skin area, cooling a target skin area within the first the skin area from a first surface temperature to a second temperature through application of the cooling mechanism prior to application of the therapeutic laser pulse, initiating application of the therapeutic laser pulse at a first timepoint, while continuing to apply the cooling mechanism, determining a surface temperature of the target skin area a plurality of times during application of the therapeutic laser pulse at a refresh rate of 25 Hz to 400 Hz, and terminating the application of the therapeutic laser pulse at a second timepoint, based on the surface temperature determinations. Each of the plurality of surface temperature determinations occurs during a single therapeutic laser pulse duration from the first time point to the second timepoint.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system for measuring a temperature of a measured surface includes: 1) a first temperature sensor; and 2) a reference surface including a second temperature sensor integrated therein. The first temperature sensor includes a field of view simultaneously covering both at least a portion of the measured surface and at least a portion of the reference surface, thus is configured for simultaneously taking a first measurement of both the portion of the measured surface and the portion of the reference surface. The first measurement of the reference surface taken by the first temperature sensor is compared to a second measurement taken by the second temperature sensor for use in calibrating the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: A method for determining parameters for operating a light source within a photo-thermal targeted treatment system is disclosed. The method includes cooling a treatment location, administering first laser pulses at the treatment location, the first laser pulses having thermal energy below a known damage threshold, tracking skin surface temperatures at the treatment location while administering the first laser pulses, estimating a relationship between parameters for operating the light source and the skin surface temperature by fitting tracked skin surface temperature to a correlation model, determining a safe operating range for the light source to avoid thermal damage at the treatment location while still effectively targeting the chromophore, administering second laser pulses at the treatment location, the second laser pulses staying within the safe operating range for the light source, and adjusting the light source according to the tracked skin surface temperatures to stay within the safe operating range.

Abstract: A method for operating an energy source within an energy-based treatment system for dermatological procedures. The method includes: 1) administering at least a first energy pulse from the energy source at a first parameter setting to a first treatment location; 2) measuring a peak epidermal temperature (PET) at the first treatment location, following administration of the at least one energy pulse; 3) providing an audio output of the PET so measured; and 4) according to the audio output of the PET, determining whether to adjust the energy source from the first parameter setting.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system for measuring a temperature of a measured surface includes: 1) a first temperature sensor; and 2) a reference surface including a second temperature sensor integrated therein. The first temperature sensor includes a field of view simultaneously covering both at least a portion of the measured surface and at least a portion of the reference surface, thus is configured for simultaneously taking a first measurement of both the portion of the measured surface and the portion of the reference surface. The first measurement of the reference surface taken by the first temperature sensor is compared to a second measurement taken by the second temperature sensor for use in calibrating the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of performing a photo-thermal dermatological procedure without use of an injectable anesthetic. The method includes applying a topical anesthetic to a treatment area of skin, measuring a surface temperature of the treatment area of skin, and passing a stream of cold air over the area of skin such that the surface temperature of the treatment area of skin is maintained between 0 degrees Celsius and 15 degrees Celsius for a duration of at least 30 seconds. The method further includes administering a photo-thermal energy dose to the area of skin after the duration.

Abstract: An energy-based dermatological treatment system includes a temperature sensor for obtaining a first temperature measurement associated with a first treatment area. The system also includes a processing module for receiving the first temperature measurement and generate a temperature map based on the first temperature measurement. The system further includes a control module for setting a parameter of a first treatment pulse based on the first temperature map, and an energy source configured to deliver the first treatment pulse to the first treatment area. In an embodiment, the first temperature sensor is a contactless temperature sensor. In another embodiment, a second temperature measurement of a second treatment area to generate an updated temperature map based on the first and second temperature measurements. A parameter of a second treatment pulse is set according to the updated temperature map, and the second treatment pulse is delivered to the second treatment area.

Abstract: A method for determining a suitable set of parameters for operating a light source within a photo-thermal targeted treatment system for targeting a chromophore embedded in a medium is disclosed. The method includes, before administration of a treatment protocol: 1) administering at least one laser pulse from the light source at a preset power level to a location to be treated, the preset power level being below a known damage threshold; 2) measuring a skin surface temperature at the location to be treated, following administration of the at least one laser pulse; 3) estimating a relationship between the parameters for operating the light source and the skin surface temperature; and 4) defining a safe operating range for the parameters for operating the light source in order to avoid thermal damage to the medium at the location to be treated while still effectively targeting the chromophore in administering the treatment protocol.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system for measuring a temperature of a measured surface includes: 1) a first temperature sensor; and 2) a reference surface including a second temperature sensor integrated therein. The first temperature sensor includes a field of view simultaneously covering both at least a portion of the measured surface and at least a portion of the reference surface, thus is configured for simultaneously taking a first measurement of both the portion of the measured surface and the portion of the reference surface. The first measurement of the reference surface taken by the first temperature sensor is compared to a second measurement taken by the second temperature sensor for use in calibrating the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: A method for operating a light source within a photo-thermal targeted treatment system for targeting a chromophore embedded within a medium is disclosed. The method includes: 1) applying a treatment protocol to a skin surface; 2) measuring a skin surface temperature while applying the treatment protocol; 3) calculating parameters regarding a heat transfer provided by the photo-thermal targeted treatment system based on the skin surface temperature so measured; and 4) adjusting the light source and the treatment protocol in accordance with the information regarding the heat transfer.

Abstract: A method for determining a suitable set of parameters for operating a light source within a photo-thermal targeted treatment system for targeting a chromophore embedded in a medium is disclosed. The method includes, before administration of a treatment protocol: 1) administering at least one laser pulse from the light source at a preset power level to a location to be treated, the preset power level being below a known damage threshold; 2) measuring a skin surface temperature at the location to be treated, following administration of the at least one laser pulse; 3) estimating a relationship between the parameters for operating the light source and the skin surface temperature; and 4) defining a safe operating range for the parameters for operating the light source in order to avoid thermal damage to the medium at the location to be treated while still effectively targeting the chromophore in administering the treatment protocol.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system for measuring a temperature of a measured surface includes: 1) a first temperature sensor; and 2) a reference surface including a second temperature sensor integrated therein. The first temperature sensor includes a field of view simultaneously covering both at least a portion of the measured surface and at least a portion of the reference surface, thus is configured for simultaneously taking a first measurement of both the portion of the measured surface and the portion of the reference surface. The first measurement of the reference surface taken by the first temperature sensor is compared to a second measurement taken by the second temperature sensor for use in calibrating the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: A modular storage system includes at least two vertical rails having a first rail and a second rail, one or more first adapter configured to attach at least the first rail to one or more mounting point on a rear wall of a vehicle in a vertical orientation, wherein the one or more mounting point is a pre-existing structure for attachment to the frame or body of the vehicle, at least one storage organizer, and at least one interface piece attaching the storage organizer to at least one of the at least two vertical rails.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for measuring combustion parameters in the measurement zone of a gas turbine engine. The measurement zone is defined as being between an outer casing and an engine component having a reflecting surface inside the outer casing. The apparatus comprises a laser generating a transmitting beam of light of a select wavelength and a multimode transmitting fiber optically coupled to the laser. A transmitting optic is optically coupled to the multimode optical fiber for transmitting the beam into the measurement zone. The reflecting surface is configured to provide a Lambertian reflection. A receiving optic is positioned to receive the Lambertian reflection. Means are provided in operative association with the multimode transmitting fiber for averaging modal noise induced signal level variation of light propagating within the multimode transmitting fiber.

Abstract: A method of monitoring combustion properties in an interior of a boiler of the type having walls comprising a plurality of parallel steam tubes separated by a metal membrane. First and second penetrations are provided in the metal membrane between adjacent tubes on opposite sides of the boiler. A beam of light is projected through a pitch optic comprising a pitch collimating lens and a pitch relay lens, both residing outside the boiler interior. The pitch relay lens projects the beam through a penetration into the boiler interior. The beam of light is received with a catch optic substantially identical to the pitch optic residing outside the boiler interior. The strength of the collimated received beam of light is determined. At least one of the pitch collimating lens and the catch collimating lens may then be aligned to maximize the strength of the collimated received beam.

Abstract: A method of absorption spectroscopy to determine a rapidly variable gas parameter. The method includes transmitting light from a synchronization light source to a synchronization detector. The transmitted light is periodically interrupted by a moving mechanical part between the synchronization light source and synchronization detector. The output from the synchronization detector is used to generate a repeating time signal having variable phase delay. This signal is used to control the timing of laser spectroscopy wavelength scans. Multiple spectroscopic scans may be repeated at multiple selected time signal phase delay and the results averaged for each phase. Apparatus for implementing the above methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for measuring combustion parameters within a combustion zone of a gas turbine engine, the combustion zone being defined between an inner and outer casing. The method includes transmitting a beam from a transmit optic optically coupled to a bore in the outer casing off a portion of the inner casing and receiving a portion of the beam reflected off the inner casing with a receiving optic optically coupled to a bore in the outer casing. An apparatus for practicing the method includes a laser generating a beam and a transmitting/receiving optics pair, the transmitting/receiving optics pair being configured for operative association with a port in an outer casing of a gas turbine engine, whereby the transmitting/receiving optics are in optical communication by reflecting the beam off a portion of an inner casing.

Abstract: A method of absorption spectroscopy to determine a rapidly variable gas parameter. The method includes transmitting light from a synchronization light source to a synchronization detector. The transmitted light is periodically interrupted by a moving mechanical part between the synchronization light source and synchronization detector. The output from the synchronization detector is used to generate a repeating time signal having variable phase delay. This signal is used to control the timing of laser spectroscopy wavelength scans. Multiple spectroscopic scans may be repeated at multiple selected time signal phase delay and the results averaged for each phase. Apparatus for implementing the above methods are also disclosed.