Abstract: A method can comprise forming a component comprising a first mating surface; coupling the component to an airfoil having a second mating surface and a Field Assisted Sintering Technology (“FAST”) system; heating, via the FAST system, the airfoil and the component; and applying, via the FAST system, a mechanical pressure between the first mating surface and the second mating surface to join the airfoil to the component and form a blade, the component at least partially defining a leading edge of the blade in response to joining the airfoil to the component

Abstract: Methods for nanopore-based protein analysis are provided. The methods address the characterization of a target protein analyte, which has a dimension greater than an internal diameter of the nanopore tunnel, and which is also physically associated with a polymer. The methods further comprise applying an electrical potential to the nanopore system to cause the polymer to interact with the nanopore tunnel. The ion current through the nanopore is measured to provide a current pattern reflective of the structure of the portion of the polymer interacting with the nanopore tunnel. This is used as a metric for characterizing the associated protein that does not pass through the nanopore.

Abstract: Embodiments of a fishing planer are disclosed which may be used to troll a lure at a significant depth beneath the boat without the inconvenience of using an inordinate amount of weight. The fishing planer changes configuration to rise if a fish strikes the lure or if the lure becomes snagged and automatically changes back to diving configuration if the fish gets off or the lure is freed from the snag. The fishing planer also may be configured so that it may be trolled to either side of the boat away from the path of the boat.

Abstract: Embodiments of a fishing planer are disclosed which may be used to troll a lure at a significant depth beneath the boat without the inconvenience of using an inordinate amount of weight. The fishing planer changes configuration to rise if a fish strikes the lure or if the lure becomes snagged and automatically changes back to diving configuration if the fish gets off or the lure is freed from the snag. The fishing planer also may be configured so that it may be trolled to either side of the boat away from the path of the boat.

Abstract: A trolling planer having an adjustable means to control the depth at which a fish lure will be towed comprising threaded means to move the position of the towing line with respect to the planer.