Abstract: A system which includes a photon source configured to generate a spin-1 particle; an N-dimensional quantum random number generator (ND-QRNG); a processor; and a memory. The ND-QRNG includes a detector and an optical unit including: a preparation stage configured to enable certification via value indefiniteness; and a measurement stage configured to generate numbers and outcomes attained by measuring a state of a particle utilized to prepare an N-dimensional quantum system. The memory, includes instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor cause the system to: generate a spin-1 particle; receive the spin-1 particle by the optical unit; generate by the optical unit a set of outcomes based on the state of the spin-1 particle; detect the set of outcomes; and output a sequence of N-ary numbers based on the detected set of outcomes.

Abstract: A system which includes a photon source configured to generate a spin-1 particle; an N-dimensional quantum random number generator (ND-QRNG); a processor; and a memory. The ND-QRNG includes a detector and an optical unit including: a preparation stage configured to enable certification via value indefiniteness; and a measurement stage configured to generate numbers and outcomes attained by measuring a state of a particle utilized to prepare an N-dimensional quantum system. The memory, includes instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor cause the system to: generate a spin-1 particle; receive the spin-1 particle by the optical unit; generate by the optical unit a set of outcomes based on the state of the spin-1 particle; detect the set of outcomes; and output a sequence of N-ary numbers based on the detected set of outcomes.

Abstract: Provided herein are various leptonic power sources, leptonic control systems, and leptonic-powered engines. An apparatus includes a leptonic source configured to emit beam electrons to ionize a material into a plasma according to a selectable ionization degree and deposit charge onto a plurality of cathodes in a progressively more negatively charged arrangement to establish an electric field of a selectable intensity in the plasma.

Abstract: A system for analyzing soil content of a field includes a data acquisition unit configured to detect gamma spectra of each of a plurality of soil samples, wherein a surface area of the field is divided into a plurality of portions and the plurality of soil samples comprises at least one soil sample from each of the plurality of portions, a navigation unit configured to detect geographic coordinates of each of the plurality of soil samples, a data analysis unit configured to associate the detected gamma spectra of each of the plurality of soil samples with the geographic coordinates of the soil sample and determine a weight percent of at least one element within each of the soil samples based on the detected gamma spectra, and an element content map unit configured to generate a map indicating concentration of the at least one element within the soil of the field.

Abstract: Provided herein are various leptonic power sources, leptonic control systems, and leptonic-powered engines. An apparatus includes a leptonic source configured to emit beam electrons to ionize a material into a plasma according to a selectable ionization degree and deposit charge onto a plurality of cathodes in a progressively more negatively charged arrangement to establish an electric field of a selectable intensity in the plasma.

Abstract: Provided herein are various leptonic power sources, leptonic control systems, and leptonic-powered engines. In one example, an apparatus includes a housing having apertures through which material can enter and exit, and an anode coupled to the housing upstream from a cathode. A leptonic source emits beam electrons into the housing to ionize the material into a plasma according to a selectable ionization degree and deposit charge onto the cathode to establish an electric field in the plasma. A magnetic field source produces a magnetic field in the plasma at selectable angle to the flow of the plasma to at least partially entrain plasma electrons. Ions of the plasma are accelerated downstream in the housing by the electric field and impart momentum to a portion of the material to produce a thrust proportional to the selectable ionization degree of the plasma and a selectable intensity of the electric field.

Abstract: A system for analyzing soil content of a field includes a data acquisition unit configured to detect gamma spectra of each of a plurality of soil samples, wherein a surface area of the field is divided into a plurality of portions and the plurality of soil samples comprises at least one soil sample from each of the plurality of portions, a navigation unit configured to detect geographic coordinates of each of the plurality of soil samples, a data analysis unit configured to associate the detected gamma spectra of each of the plurality of soil samples with the geographic coordinates of the soil sample and determine a weight percent of at least one element within each of the soil samples based on the detected gamma spectra, and an element content map unit configured to generate a map indicating concentration of the at least one element within the soil of the field.

Abstract: A system for analyzing soil content of a field includes a data acquisition unit configured to detect gamma spectra of each of a plurality of soil samples, wherein a surface area of the field is divided into a plurality of portions and the plurality of soil samples comprises at least one soil sample from each of the plurality of portions, a navigation unit configured to detect geographic coordinates of each of the plurality of soil samples, a data analysis unit configured to associate the detected gamma spectra of each of the plurality of soil samples with the geographic coordinates of the soil sample and determine a weight percent of at least one element within each of the soil samples based on the detected gamma spectra, and an element content map unit configured to generate a map indicating concentration of the at least one element within the soil of the field.

Abstract: Provided herein are various leptonic power sources, leptonic control systems, and leptonic-powered engines. In one example, an apparatus includes a housing having apertures through which material can enter and exit, and an anode coupled to the housing upstream from a cathode. A leptonic source emits beam electrons into the housing to ionize the material into a plasma according to a selectable ionization degree and deposit charge onto the cathode to establish an electric field in the plasma. A magnetic field source produces a magnetic field in the plasma at selectable angle to the flow of the plasma to at least partially entrain plasma electrons. Ions of the plasma are accelerated downstream in the housing by the electric field and impart momentum to a portion of the material to produce a thrust proportional to the selectable ionization degree of the plasma and a selectable intensity of the electric field.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes, impinging a plurality of particles on a target such that electrons are emitted from the target and transporting the electrons from the target to a heat sink through a transporting medium. The target and the heat sink may be separated by a distance. The method further includes cooling the electrons using the heat sink and returning the electrons from the heat sink to the target.

Abstract: System for storing and using energy quantum mechanically includes an electronic device that produces heat while operating. A quantum heat engine can be in thermal contact with and electrically connected to the electronic device. The heat produced by the electronic device can dissipate to the quantum heat engine. The quantum heat engine can induce a current to bias the electronic device. Methods for storing and using memory resource to convert heat into electrical work, coherence capacitors, methods for quantum energy storage, and quantum heat engines, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An example method of multi-character animation comprises: identifying a single scene origin in an animation scene of an interactive video game; aligning, to the single scene origin, each game character of a plurality of game characters associated with the animation scene; generating, with respect to the single scene origin, a respective animation for each game character of the plurality of game characters; and causing each game character of the plurality of game characters to be displayed, using the respective animation, in the interactive video game.

Abstract: An example method of multi-character animation comprises: identifying a single scene origin in an animation scene of an interactive video game; aligning, to the single scene origin, each game character of a plurality of game characters associated with the animation scene; generating, with respect to the single scene origin, a respective animation for each game character of the plurality of game characters; and causing each game character of the plurality of game characters to be displayed, using the respective animation, in the interactive video game.

Abstract: A system for analyzing soil content of a field includes a data acquisition unit configured to detect gamma spectra of each of a plurality of soil samples, wherein a surface area of the field is divided into a plurality of portions and the plurality of soil samples comprises at least one soil sample from each of the plurality of portions, a navigation unit configured to detect geographic coordinates of each of the plurality of soil samples, a data analysis unit configured to associate the detected gamma spectra of each of the plurality of soil samples with the geographic coordinates of the soil sample and determine a weight percent of at least one element within each of the soil samples based on the detected gamma spectra, and an element content map unit configured to generate a map indicating concentration of the at least one element within the soil of the field.

Abstract: An example method of multi-character animation comprises: identifying a single scene origin in an animation scene of an interactive video game; aligning, to the single scene origin, each game character of a plurality of game characters associated with the animation scene; generating, with respect to the single scene origin, a respective animation for each game character of the plurality of game characters; and causing each game character of the plurality of game characters to be displayed, using the respective animation, in the interactive video game.

Abstract: System for quantum energy storage can include a quantum information engine including topological insulator having at least one edge. A coherence capacitor can include nuclei of atoms within the topological insulator, and each nucleus can have a spin direction. An energy source can be electrically connected to the topological insulator and configured to supply a current along the at least one edge of the topological insulator. The current can interact with at least one nucleus of the nuclei to flip a spin direction of the at least one nucleus. Methods for quantum energy storage, systems and methods for storing and using quantum energy, quantum information engines, and quantum heat engines are also disclosed.

Abstract: Electron emission from an emissive substance, such as an emissive composite material, can be employed as a heat dissipation technique and mechanism for a part subject to operational heating. Emissive composite materials containing a refractory metal matrix and a ceramic electride material in the refractory metal matrix can be utilized for this purpose. Emissive composite materials can retain the thermal stability of the base refractory metal and emit electrons upon being heated to a sufficiently high temperature. Cooling systems and associated methods can utilize a collector configured to receive electrons emitted across open space by the ceramic electride material upon heating, and a conductive pathway can allow the electrons to be returned to the emissive composite material. Accordingly, the emissive composite material and the collector define a portion of an electrical circuit.

Abstract: An example method of multi-character animation comprises: identifying a single scene origin in an animation scene of an interactive video game; aligning, to the single scene origin, each game character of a plurality of game characters associated with the animation scene; generating, with respect to the single scene origin, a respective animation for each game character of the plurality of game characters; and causing each game character of the plurality of game characters to be displayed, using the respective animation, in the interactive video game.

Abstract: An electrical device is provided. The electrical device includes a pulse generator configured to generate a first pulse. The electrical device also includes a battery. The battery includes a first conductive electrode configured to receive the first pulse from the pulse generator, a second conductive electrode coupled to the first conductive electrode, and a dielectric separator element coupled to the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode and configured to provide a second pulse. The second pulse is based on the first pulse and based on the electrical properties of the dielectric separator element. The electrical device also includes a controller coupled to the pulse generator and the dielectric separator element. The controller is configured to compare the first pulse with the second pulse.

Abstract: A method of multi-character interaction scenario may include identifying three or more game characters associated with a game and assigning the three or more identified game characters to one or more predefined animation roles associated with one or more interaction scenarios of the game. The method may further include selecting one or more interaction scenario animations that comprise the three or more identified game characters and corresponding assigned animation roles. The method may further include providing the identified game characters, the corresponding assigned animation roles, and the selected interaction scenario animations for display in the game.