Abstract: It is disclosed that succinic acid and its derivatives that contain a branched aliphatic group on the 2 or alpha position of succinic acid form surfactants that exhibit a high order of or bioresistance to bacteriological degradation. Further, it has been discovered that these novel surfactants can be employed to prepare novel oil-in-water emulsions with lube oils such as mineral oil that are effective as cutting fluids for machining operations but provide an improved resistance to biodegradation to the cutting oil so formulated, without resorting to the inclusion of conventional biocides in the formulation. It has also been discovered that the bioresistance of the cutting fluid emulsion formulation can be further enhanced by using a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon oligomer or polymer as the lubricative component in the formulation. Cutting fluid emulsions so formulated are effective fluids in prolonging tool life and facilitating machining operations.

Abstract: Improved refrigeration lubricants useful in compression refrigeration units are esters, exhibit an excellent balance of performance characteristics, notably in the combination of good miscibility, hydrolytic stablity, wear resistance coupled with a viscosity within the range required in many commercial refrigeration units. These esters are of a hindered dihydric or trihydric alcohol such as trimethylolpentanediol and a fatty acid, where at least 80 number percent of the acyl groups are straight chain groups.

Abstract: Solid, waxy 1-olefins may be converted to low viscosity liquid products by carrying out a double bond isomerization in the presence of a solid acidic catalyst such as an acidic clay or a zeolite under mild conditions. The olefin isomer products are useful in the formulation of well fluids such as drilling muds, especially useful in offshore drilling. The preferred oils for making up the well fluids are formulated with a hydrocarbon oil blend of the low viscosity olefin isomer together with a C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 paraffinic hydrocarbon of petroleum origin and a C.sub.10 to C.sub.32 olefin such as tetradecene-1. The fluids exhibit good biodegradability and are non-toxic to marine organisms; they also meet viscosity and pour points specifications for formulation into oil based muds.

Abstract: Long chain alkyl substituted naphthalenes are produced by alkylating naphthalene with an olefin or other alkylating agent with at least 6, and usually 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising a zeolite having rare earth cations, and both ammonium and protonic species, associated with the exchangeable sites of the zeolite. The zeolite is usually a large pore size zeolite such as USY. The presence of rare earths and both ammonium and protonic species increases selectivity for production of long chain mono-alkyl substituted naphthalenes in preference to more highly substituted products.

Abstract: The invention provides a fiber optic cable and a diamondoid-based viscous filling material for a fiber optic cable.

Abstract: Well fluids such as drilling muds, especially useful in offshore drilling, are formulated with a hydrocarbon oil blend of a low viscosity poly alpha-olefin (PAO) such as a low molecular weight oligomer of decene together with a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 paraffinic hydrocarbon of petroleum origin and a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 olefin such as dodecene-1 or tetradecene-1. The fluids exhibit good biodegradability and are non-toxic to marine organisms; they also meet viscosity and pour points specifications for formulation into oil based muds.

Abstract: Long chain alkyl substituted naphthalenes are produced by alkylating naphthalene with an olefin or other alkylating agent with at least 6, and usually 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising a zeolite having both ammonium and protonic species associated with the exchangeable sites of the zeolite. The zeolite is usually a large pore size zeolite such as USY. The presence of both ammonium and protonic species increases selectivity for production of long chain mono-alkyl substituted naphthalenes in preference to more highly substituted products.

Abstract: The invention provides a fiber optic cable and a diamondoid-based viscous filling material for a fiber optic cable.

Abstract: A lubricant additive composition and method for production is disclosed comprising the adduct of an olefinic oligomer and an enophile, said olefinic oligomer comprising the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 alpha-olefin feedstock, or mixtures thereof, under oligomerization conditions in contact with a reduced valence state Group VIB metal catalyst on porous support. Maleic anhydride is a preferred enophile. The maleic anhydride adduct is reacted with polyamines such as tetraethylene pentamine to form the corresponding alkenyl bis-succinimide.

Abstract: A procedure for the incorporation of sulfur into olefins which produces a non-staining, low odor, EP-active gear oil additive by reacting an olefin such as isobutylene with elemental sulfur in the presence of an aqueous solution of a strong base such as ammonia.

Abstract: A fuel additive having detergency, solubility and thermal stability comprises a detergent component, e.g., polyalkenyl succinimide, and a carrier fluid obtained from a diamondoid fluid comprising an compound selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane, tetramantane, and the alkyl-substituted derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Alkoxy borates of alkylated phenols have been found to be effective cleanliness agents for lubricants and additives for improving the dropping point of greases.

Abstract: Long chain alkyl substituted naphthalenes are produced by the alkylation of naphthalene with an olefin or other alkylating agent possessing at least 6 carbon atoms, usually 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising a zeolite which contains cations having a radius of at least 2.5 .ANG.. Cations of this size may be provided by hydrated cations such as hydrated ammonium, sodium or potassium cations or by organoammonium cations such as tetraalkylammonium cations. The zeolite is usually a large pore size ze USY. The presence of the bulky cations in the zeolite increases the selectivity of the catalyst for the production of long chain mono-alkyl substituted naphthalenes in preference to more highly substituted products.

Abstract: A borated reaction product that is useful as a dispersancy enhancing lubricant additive. The product is produced from the maleic anhydride adduct of an olefinic alpha-olefin oligomer. The oligomer (HVI-PAO) comprises the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 alpha-olefin using a reduced valence state Group VIB metal as the oligomerization catalyst. This adduct of maleic anhydride and HVI-PAO is reacted with a secondary amine such as diphenylamine, an alkanol amine such as triethanolamine, and a borating agent such as boric acid or a borate ester.

Abstract: Products made by reacting an alkenylsuccinic compound with an arylamine and a hindered alcohol provide superior dispersant and antioxidant activity to lubricant compositions when incorporated therein.

Abstract: Products made by reacting an alkenylsuccinic compound with an arylamine and a hindered alcohol provide superior dispersant and antioxidant activity to lubricant compositions when incorporated therein.

Abstract: Products made by reacting (i) an alkenylsuccinic compound with (ii) an arylamine and (iii) an alkanolamine, an aminomethane or a hindered alcohol and borated reaction products thereof which provide superior dispersant and antioxidant activity to lubricant compositions when incorporated therein.

Abstract: Imidazoline salts of acid phosphates derived from hydrocarbyl diols or mixtures of hydrocarbyl diols are effective multifunctional friction reducing additives when incorporated into various fluid hydrocarbyl compositions.

Abstract: Borated reaction products of alkenyl succinic compounds, aryl amines and aminoalcohols are highly effective dispersant and antioxidant/anticorrosion additives for lubricant compositions.

Abstract: Oxazoline salts of acid phosphates derived from hydrocarbyl diols are effective multifunctional friction reducing additives when incorporated into various fluid hydrocarbyl compositions.