Abstract: A seed boot having a modular or replaceable opener removably fastened to the seed boot. The opener is configured in any of several embodiments for discharging a fluent material such as seed in different ways, including narrow single row, wide single row, and double row. A second fluent material such as fertilizer may be dispensed in an additional discharge stream in different embodiments. In some embodiments, two fluent materials may be mixed within the seed boot and dispensed together.

Abstract: A method of no-till fanning within soil. The method includes the steps of providing a darkened stubble; forming a furrow within the soil; and then introducing seed within the furrow whereby the darkened stubble absorbs energy radiation to warm the soil temperature. The darkened stubble is residues of cultivated crops, for example cereal grains. In one embodiment, the darkened stubble is darkened by application of a dark colored pigment. In yet additional alternate embodiments, the darkened stubble is darkened by genetically altering the color of the stubble or by selective plant breeding.

Abstract: There is disclosed a paged-mapped multi-line telephone communication system where a plurality of line selection keys can be paged to a central control module for an easier and more convenient operation. The operator has a view of all available lines and their status on various modules that are connected to the control module. The operator can select a line through a simplified pagination scheme. A set of lines represented on the auxiliary modules can be transferred to the control module where the operator selects the desired line by pressing the key corresponding to the line which was represented in the page transferred to the control module. To make an outgoing call, or to retrieve a call from another station from hold, the user would first depress the page key on the auxiliary module corresponding to the page or grouping in which the line representation resides.

Abstract: A toroidal cylinder is provided with a slot formed around the inner wall. A central shaft carries a sunwheel engaging a set of planet gears which in turn engage a fixed ring gear secured to the cylinder adjacent the slot. A pair of rings are provided carrying sets of pistons running within the cylinder, the edges of the rings sealably running within the slot. Pins on the planet gears engage slotted arms secured to the rings so that opposite pairs of pistons move toward and away from one another in sequence thus providing compression and expansion strokes in the cylinder together with intake and exhaust strokes. A fuel mixture ignited by spark plugs or the like may be used or, alternatively, fuel injection may be utilized and inlet and exhaust ports are formed within the walls of the toroidal cylinder.