Abstract: A pixel for detecting red and green light is a single pixel is described. The pixel comprises a deep N well formed in a P type epitaxial substrate. The pixel comprises a deep N well formed in a P type epitaxial substrate. A number of P wells, which are used as the sensor nodes, are formed in the deep N well. The use of these P wells as the sensor nodes improves the modulation transfer function. The depth of the deep N well is about equal to the depth of hole electron pairs generated by red light in silicon. The depth of the P wells is about equal to the depth of hole electron pairs generated by green light in silicon. A red/green signal is determined at each P well by determining the potentials between each of the P wells and the deep N well after a charge integration cycle with the P wells and the deep N well isolated.

Abstract: A pixel for detecting red and greed light is a single pixel is described. The pixel comprises a deep N well formed in a P type epitaxial substrate. The pixel comprises a deep N well formed in a P type epitaxial substrate. A number of P wells, which are used as the sensor nodes, are formed in the deep N well. The use of these P wells as the sensor nodes improves the modulation transfer function. The depth of the deep N well is about equal to the depth of hole electron pairs generated by red light in silicon. The depth of the P wells is about equal to the depth of hole electron pairs generated by green light in silicon. A red/green signal is determined at each P well by determining the potentials between each of the P wells and the deep N well after a charge integration cycle with the P wells and the deep N well isolated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the visibility of differences between two input signal sequences, e.g., image sequences is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a perceptual metric generator having an input signal processing section, a luminance processing section, a chrominance processing section and a perceptual metric generating section. The luminance processing section simultaneously processes at least two image fields, so as to provide spatio-temporal channels whose calibration is independent of pure-spatial and pure-temporal channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the visibility of differences between two input signal sequences, e.g., image sequences is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a perceptual metric generator having an input signal processing section, a luminance processing section, a chrominance processing section and a perceptual metric generating section. The luminance processing section simultaneously processes at least two image fields, so as to provide spatio-temporal channels whose calibration is independent of pure-spatial and pure-temporal channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the visibility of differences between two input signal sequences, e.g., image sequences is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a perceptual metric generator having an input signal processing section, a luminance processing section, a chrominance processing section and a perceptual metric generating section. The luminance processing section simultaneously processes at least two image fields, so as to provide spatio-temporal channels whose calibration is independent of pure-spatial and pure-temporal channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing image quality assessment that does not require the use or availability of a reference image. The apparatus comprises a vision pre-processor, a virtual reference generator, a virtual distortion generator, and a image quality metric generator. The vision preprocessor performs a vision-like transformation upon an input image sequence to produce a vision energy map. The virtual reference generator operates upon the vision energy map to produce a virtual reference while the virtual distortion generator produces distortion estimates that are used by the virtual reference generator to produce the virtual reference. The virtual distortion and virtual reference are used by the image quality metric generator to produce a image quality metric for the input video sequence without the use of a reference video sequence.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the visibility of differences between two input image sequences. The apparatus comprises a visual discrimination measure having a retinal sampling section, a plurality of temporal filters and a spatial discrimination section. The retinal sampling section applies a plurality of transformations to the input image sequences for simulating the image-processing properties of human vision. The temporal filters separate the sequences of retinal images into two temporal channels producing a lowpass temporal response and a bandpass temporal response. The spatial discrimination section applies spatial processing to the temporal responses to produce an image metric which is used to assess the visibility of differences between the two input image sequences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for predicting how any given spatio-temporal light distribution would change an observer's pupil diameter. The method generates the instantaneous effect of luminance driving the pupil diameter, the cumulative driving function of the pupil diameter, and the evolving pupil diameter. Using the evolving pupil diameter together with the input luminance, the method computes the retinal illuminance distribution for the given input illuminance. The method is implemented as a software routine executed by a general purpose computer.

Abstract: An apparatus for assessing the visibility of differences between two input image sequences. The apparatus comprises a pair of pre-filtered processors, a pair of pyramid constructors and a JND processor. Each pre-filter processor receives a separate input image sequence and performs temporal filtering to produce a low-pass temporal response and a bandpass temporal response. In turn, the pyramid constructors receive the temporal responses and generate contrast pyramids for the temporal responses. The JND processor evaluates the contrast pyramids to produce an image metric which is used to assess the visibility of differences between the two input image sequences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the visibility of differences between two input image sequences for improving image fidelity and visual task applications. The apparatus comprises a visual discrimination measure having a retinal sampling section, a plurality of temporal filters and a spatial discrimination section. The retinal sampling section applies a plurality of transformations to the input image sequences for simulating the image-processing properties of human vision. The temporal filters separate the sequences of retinal images into two temporal channels producing a lowpass temporal response and a bandpass temporal response. The spatial discrimination section applies spatial processing to the temporal responses to produce an image metric which is used to assess the visibility of differences between the two input image sequences.

Abstract: An electro-optical scanning unit adapted to sense a bar-code pattern and to generate digital signals corresponding thereto. In the unit, an incandescent light source acts to illuminate a narrow slit, and a reduced image thereof is optically projected to produce a luminous scanning line in a focal plane. An oscillating scanning mechanism interposed in the projection path causes the luminous line to sweep back and forth. The focal plane lies within a window formed in a channel dimensioned to receive an item bearing a bar-code pattern and to locate this pattern so that the bars lie in parallel relation to the luminous line, whereby when the line is swept across the pattern and is reflected thereby, the resultant light pulses are directed toward a photo-detector and converted to corresponding digital signals.

Abstract: An electric percolator having a liquid containing section formed from an assembly of glass and other materials fixed together by means of a locking collar. The lid of the percolator is held in place by means of a quick-release latching mechanism which prevents the lid from being disengaged by the lifting motion normally used to open a lid and instead requires a twisting motion which rapidly releases the lid. Simplified electrical circuitry in the percolator utilizes a single lamp that indicates both the "Brewing" and the "Keep Warm" modes of percolator operation.A method is also set forth for assembling a composite apparatus, having a glass component which does not require threading, strapping or gluing of the glass component.

Abstract: An electric percolator having a liquid containing section formed from an assembly of glass and other materials fixed together by means of a locking collar. The lid of the percolator is held in place by means of a quick-release latching mechanism which prevents the lid from being disengaged by the lifting motion normally used to open a lid and instead requires a twisting motion which rapidly releases the lid. Simplified electrical circuitry in the percolator utilizes a single lamp that indicates both the "Brewing" and the "Keep Warm" modes of percolator operation.A method is also set forth for assembling a composite apparatus having a glass component which does not require threading, strapping or gluing of the glass component.