Abstract: Disclosed is a process to start-up, operate, and shut down a gasifier and an integrated gasification combined cycle complex with minimal sour gas emissions while additionally reducing the release of contaminants such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen oxides. The process is accomplished by starting up with a sulfur free feedstock and by scrubbing any ventable sour gases free of sulfur contaminants prior to release of any such gases to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to start-up, operate, and shut down a gasifier and an integrated gasification combined cycle complex without flaring while additionally reducing the release of contaminants such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen oxides. The process is accomplished by scrubbing ventable sour gases and passing scrubbed sour gases and ventable sweet gases to a vent gas combustor for controlled combustion prior to release of any such gases to the atmosphere. Additionally, the gases are subjected to a CO oxidation treatment and selective catalytic reduction treatment prior to release to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process whereby a high viscosity hydrocarbonaceous material is fed to a gasifier for conversion to synthesis gas. The feedstock, steam, oxygen, and recycled gasification system water are all fed into the gasifier through a four stream feed injector. The feedstock in this design is sandwiched between two oxygen streams so as to provide better conversion for the exceptionally heavy feed. The fourth stream down the central bayonet of the feed injector provides the flow path for the recycled water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for oil gasification. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for oil gasification while reducing wastewater and costly purification systems. The method comprises providing feedstock and water to an oil gasification system; receiving flash gas from the oil gasification system at a flash gas condensing section; extracting vapor generated by the flash gas condensing section; returning water produced by the extracting step to the flash gas condensing section; outputting dry flash gas produced by the extracting step; receiving spent wash water at a syngas cooling section from a syngas washing section; and outputting washed syngas from the syngas washing section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process whereby a high viscosity hydrocarbonaceous material is fed to a gasifier for conversion to synthesis gas. The feedstock, steam, oxygen, and recycled gasification system water are all fed into the gasifier through a four stream feed injector. The feedstock in this design is sandwiched between two oxygen streams so as to provide better conversion for the exceptionally heavy feed. The fourth stream down the central bayonet of the feed injector provides the flow path for the recycled water.

Abstract: Methods for grinding hot coke including feeding the hot coke into a system while maintaining the system under less than atmospheric pressure, wetting the coke during the feeding step to assure constant flow of the coke into a grinding mill where the coke is reduced to a slurry and forwarded to a holding tank. Recovering and treating vapors derived from the grinding of the coke and finally feeding the slurry to a gasifier means.

Abstract: The invention is a method for mixing feedstock with fluidized catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor. A dispersed catalyst suspension is passed upwardly at a velocity of 0.5 to 4 ft/sec. Atomized feedstock is injected downwardly at a velocity of -30 to -1000 ft./sec to produce a turbulently mixed reaction suspension. Vaporizing feedstock rapidly accelerates the reaction suspension in approximately plug flow. The slip factor between catalyst and hydrocarbon in the reaction suspension defining the departure from ideal plug flow is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A system for grinding hot coke includes feeding the hot coke into the system, while maintaining the system under less than atmospheric pressure, wetting the coke during this feeding step to assure constant flow of the coke into a grinding mill where the coke is reduced to a slurry and forwarded to a holding tank. The system includes apparatus to recover and treat vapors derived from the grinding of the coke and to feed the slurry to gasification means.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process riser reactor effluent is rapidly separated into spent catalyst and hydrocarbon product. The separated hydrocarbon product is immediately quenched to an unreactive temperature in the absence of quenching spent catalyst. An increase in debutanized naphtha yield is achieved. By avoiding catalyst quenching, heat duty is saved in the catalyst regenerator.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process riser reactor effluent is rapidly separated into spent catalyst and hydrocarbon product. The separated hydrocarbon product is immediately quenched to an unreactive temperature in the absence of quenching spent catalyst. An increase in debutanized naphtha yield is achieved. By avoiding catalyst quenching, heat duty is saved in the catalyst regenerator.

Abstract: A process for producing high purity hydrogen is disclosed. Specifically, the process includes (1) partially oxidizing a refinery offgas feedstock to produce a synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, (2) reacting the synthesis gas mixture with steam to convert the carbon monoxide into a raw gas mixture which primarily includes carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and (3) purifying the raw gas mixture to produce high purity hydrogen and a reject gas mixture of impurities. In a preferred embodiment, the purification step occurs in a pressure swing adsorption unit.Alternative embodiments are also described, each of which essentially involve the optional treatment and/or use of the reject gas mixture of impurities.

Abstract: A process for producing high purity hyrogen is disclosed. Specifically, the process includes (1) partially oxidizing a gaseous hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to produce a synthesis gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, (2) reacting the synthesis gas mixture with steam to convert the carbon monoxide into a raw gas mixture which primarily includes carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and (3) subjecting the raw gas mixture to pressure swing adsorption to purify the raw gas mixture, thereby producing high purity hydrogen and a reject gas mixture of impurities.The gaseous hydrocarbonaceous feed is specific, inasmuch as it is characterized by containing a major component which includes at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 hydrocarbon and which has an average molecular weight of up to about 30.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking process, a new separator apparatus has been invented for separating catalyst from cracked vapor. The separator comprises a downwardly spiraling channel. The separator demonstrates good separation efficiency even at turn down flow rates.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking process, coke is burned from spent catalyst at elevated temperature in a vertically arranged regenerator vessel. The regenerator vessel contains a lower, dense phase oxidation zone to which spent catalyst is introduced and an upper, dilute phase oxidation zone. Catalyst is fluidized and oxidized by means of air which is introduced in an amount of 5 vol % to 15 vol % to a lower air distributor at the bottom of the dense phase zone. Spent catalyst is discharged above the lower air distributor. The balance of the air is distributed in a horizontal plane in the dense phase above the catalyst discharge. As a result, a substantial proportion of the coke and carbon monoxide is burned in the dense phase zone at a lower temperature. A reduced amount of carbon monoxide is carried over to the dilute phase where higher temperature oxidation occurs.

Abstract: A control system controls a plurality of gas dehydrators in which each dehydrator has a dessicant bed. The system includes sensors sensing parameters of gas entering and leaving each dehydrator which provide corresponding signals. First valve apparatus connected to each dehydrator receives moist gas. Second valve apparatus connected to each dehydrator provides for a discharging of dehydrated gas from each dehydrator in accordance with control signals. Third valve apparatus connected to each dehydrator receives regeneration gas and provides the regeneration gas to a dehydrator in accordance with control signals. Fourth valve apparatus connected to each dehydrator provides for the discharge of regeneration gas after passage through the dehydrator in accordance with control signals.