Abstract: An x-ray source includes an anode assembly having at least one surface configured to rotate about an axis, the at least one surface in a first region. The x-ray source further includes an electron-beam source configured to emit at least one electron beam configured to bombard the at least one surface of the anode assembly. The electron-beam source includes a housing, a cathode assembly, and a window. The housing at least partially bounds a second region and comprises an aperture. The cathode assembly is configured to generate the at least one electron beam within the second region. The window is configured to hermetically seal the aperture, to maintain a pressure differential between the first region and the second region, and to allow the at least one electron beam to propagate from the second region to the first region.

Abstract: An x-ray target, x-ray source, and x-ray system are provided. The x-ray target includes a thermally conductive substrate comprising a surface and at least one structure on or embedded in at least a portion of the surface. The at least one structure includes a thermally conductive first material in thermal communication with the substrate. The first material has a length along a first direction parallel to the portion of the surface in a range greater than 1 millimeter and a width along a second direction parallel to the portion of the surface and perpendicular to the first direction. The width is in a range of 0.2 millimeter to 3 millimeters. The at least one structure further includes at least one layer over the first material. The at least one layer includes at least one second material different from the first material. The at least one layer has a thickness in a range of 2 microns to 50 microns. The at least one second material is configured to generate x-rays upon irradiation by electrons.

Abstract: An x-ray source includes an anode assembly having at least one surface configured to rotate about an axis, the at least one surface in a first region. The x-ray source further includes an electron-beam source configured to emit at least one electron beam configured to bombard the at least one surface of the anode assembly. The electron-beam source includes a housing, a cathode assembly, and a window. The housing at least partially bounds a second region and comprises an aperture. The cathode assembly is configured to generate the at least one electron beam within the second region.

Abstract: An x-ray target, x-ray source, and x-ray system are provided. The x-ray target includes a thermally conductive substrate comprising a surface and at least one structure on or embedded in at least a portion of the surface. The at least one structure includes a thermally conductive first material in thermal communication with the substrate. The first material has a length along a first direction parallel to the portion of the surface in a range greater than 1 millimeter and a width along a second direction parallel to the portion of the surface and perpendicular to the first direction. The width is in a range of 0.2 millimeter to 3 millimeters. The at least one structure further includes at least one layer over the first material. The at least one layer includes at least one second material different from the first material. The at least one layer has a thickness in a range of 2 microns to 50 microns. The at least one second material is configured to generate x-rays upon irradiation by electrons.

Abstract: An x-ray target, x-ray source, and x-ray system are provided. The x-ray target includes a thermally conductive substrate comprising a surface and at least one structure on or embedded in at least a portion of the surface. The at least one structure includes a thermally conductive first material in thermal communication with the substrate. The first material has a length along a first direction parallel to the portion of the surface in a range greater than 1 millimeter and a width along a second direction parallel to the portion of the surface and perpendicular to the first direction. The width is in a range of 0.2 millimeter to 3 millimeters. The at least one structure further includes at least one layer over the first material. The at least one layer includes at least one second material different from the first material. The at least one layer has a thickness in a range of 2 microns to 50 microns.

Abstract: An x-ray target, x-ray source, and x-ray system are provided. The x-ray target includes a thermally conductive substrate comprising a surface and at least one structure on or embedded in at least a portion of the surface. The at least one structure includes a thermally conductive first material in thermal communication with the substrate. The first material has a length along a first direction parallel to the portion of the surface in a range greater than 1 millimeter and a width along a second direction parallel to the portion of the surface and perpendicular to the first direction. The width is in a range of 0.2 millimeter to 3 millimeters. The at least one structure further includes at least one layer over the first material. The at least one layer includes at least one second material different from the first material. The at least one layer has a thickness in a range of 2 microns to 50 microns.

Abstract: A method of controlling subsea laying of an elongate article includes guiding the article using a submersible vehicle such as an ROV that carries a guide tool. The guide tool has a sleeve through which the article moves axially during laying, while the vehicle applies cross-axial guide forces to the article via the sleeve. Also disclosed is a guide tool including a sleeve through which the article can move axially during laying, and a grab handle whereby a submersible vehicle may hold the tool using a grabber. Alternatively, the guide tool can be attached to or integrated with the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and systems useful in determining relative position of moveable vehicle, for example including a GPS receiver, may include determining candidate integer ambiguities in groups, and performing tests to check usefulness of those candidate integer ambiguities.

Abstract: A submersible shrimp light includes a central main body section having a plurality of elongated arms extending outward therefrom. Each of the elongated arms includes a lighting unit along a distal end for illuminating an area approximately 360 degrees about the central body. Bends in the arms orient the lighting units at various angles, and weights are positioned within the device along the bottom surface.

Abstract: A submersible shrimp light includes a central main body section having a plurality of elongated arms extending outward therefrom. Each of the elongated arms includes a lighting unit along a distal end for illuminating an area approximately 360 degrees about the central body. Bends in the arms orient the lighting units at various angles, and weights are positioned within the device along the bottom surface.

Abstract: A method of controlling subsea laying of an elongate article includes guiding the article using a submersible vehicle such as an ROV that carries a guide tool. The guide tool has a sleeve through which the article moves axially during laying, while the vehicle applies cross-axial guide forces to the article via the sleeve. Also disclosed is a guide tool including a sleeve through which the article can move axially during laying, and a grab handle whereby a submersible vehicle may hold the tool using a grabber. Alternatively, the guide tool can be attached to or integrated with the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and systems useful in determining relative position of moveable vehicle, for example including a GPS receiver, may include determining candidate integer ambiguities in groups, and performing tests to check usefulness of those candidate integer ambiguities.

Abstract: A method of controlling subsea laying of an elongate article is disclosed and includes guiding the article using a submersible vehicle such as an ROV that carries a guide tool. The guide tool has a sleeve through which the article moves axially during laying, while the vehicle applies cross-axial guide forces to the article via the sleeve. Also disclosed is a guide tool including a sleeve through which the article can move axially during laying, and a grab handle whereby a submersible vehicle may hold the tool using a grabber. Alternatively, the guide tool can be attached to or integrated with the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for designing a sound waveguide surface is described. The method includes the steps of forming a parametric model of the sound waveguide surface where the parametric model has at least one input parameter and then simulating a sound field that is formed by the sound waveguide surface. A frequency dependent spatial distribution measure is then determined for the sound field associated with the sound waveguide surface and the at least one input parameter is varied to change the sound waveguide surface to adjust the value of the frequency dependent spatial distribution measure.

Abstract: A method for designing a sound waveguide surface is described. The method includes the steps of forming a parametric model of the sound waveguide surface where the parametric model has at least one input parameter and then simulating a sound field that is formed by the sound waveguide surface. A frequency dependent spatial distribution measure is then determined for the sound field associated with the sound waveguide surface and the at least one input parameter is varied to change the sound waveguide surface to adjust the value of the frequency dependent spatial distribution measure.

Abstract: A method for designing a sound waveguide surface is described. The method includes the steps of forming a parametric model of the sound waveguide surface where the parametric model has at least one input parameter and then simulating a sound field that is formed by the sound waveguide surface. A frequency dependent spatial distribution measure is then determined for the sound field associated with the sound waveguide surface and the at least one input parameter is varied to change the sound waveguide surface to adjust the value of the frequency dependent spatial distribution measure.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for displaying information pertaining to the usage of Web pages. The system comprises first and second Web sites. The first Web site comprises plural Web-component files, each having a name in a Web-site directory. The second Web site comprises plural statistics files, each containing usage information about a corresponding Web-component file or sub-directory of Web-component files. The system farther comprises a computing device that has a display screen, is operable by a user, and is in communication with the first and second Web sites. The computing device is operated under the control of Web-browser software effective for displaying, on the screen, Web components of the respective Web sites.

Abstract: A method and system for optically recognizing an object from a reference library of known products based on a spectrum of local radius of curvature of the object. A surface portion of an object is illuminated with a pattern of light that permits the extraction of three dimensional coordinates for a set of points on the surface portion of the object. An image data set of the surface portion of the object is then captured with a capture device that is positioned at an angular offset with respect to a source of the light. That is, the combination of the light pattern and the imaging device together generate a two dimensional captured image, from which it is possible to extract the three dimensional coordinates for the set of points on the surface portion of the object. A set of local radii of curvatures are then determined for selected data points in the image data set. A spectrum representing a distribution of the curvatures is then computed for the set of local radii of curvatures.