Abstract: A stabilizer composition, for use in polyvinyl chloride formulations, that is a mixture of: at least one organotin sulfide; at least one organotin chloride; and at least one free mercaptan.

Abstract: A stabilizer composition, suitable for use in polyvinyl chloride compositions, can be formed by reacting a mixture of monoalkyltin trichloride, such as butyltin trichloride, and dialkyltin dichloride, such as dibutyltin dichloride, with at least one carboxylic acid, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 2-mercaptoethanol, in the presence of base, followed by reaction of the resulting product with a sulfide reagent, such as sodium sulfide. The final composition comprises a complex mixture of alkyl tin carboxylates and/or mercaptides, and of monoalkyltin sulfides and dialkyltin sulfides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stabilizer composition, for use in polyvinyl chloride formulations, which comprises a mixture of: at least one organotin sulfide; at least one organotin chloride; and at least one free mercaptan.

Abstract: A stabilizer composition, suitable for use in polyvinyl chloride compositions, can be formed by reacting a mixture of monoalkyltin trichloride, such as butyltin trichloride, and dialkyltin dichloride, such as dibutyltin dichloride, with at least one carboxylic acid, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 2-mercaptoethanol, in the presence of base, followed by reaction of the resulting product with a sulfide reagent, such as sodium sulfide. The final composition comprises a complex mixture of alkyl tin carboxylates and/or mercaptides, and of monoalkyltin sulfides and dialkyltin sulfides.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing an aryl diphosphate ester containing less than 5% by weight of triarylphosphate. The process reacts a solution of a dihydroxy aromatic compound and an excess of phosphorus oxychloride in a nonaqueous solvent having a boiling point greater than 110.degree. C. The excess phosphorus oxychloride and part of the solvent are distilled from the solution at atmospheric pressure and the intermediate, a diphosphotetrachloridate solution, is reacted with a monohydric aryl compound. After extracting with an aqueous, alkaline solution the product is recovered by distilling off the remaining solvent.

Abstract: Hydrogen bromide can be oxidized to bromine more effectively using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant if a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric or phosphoric acid) is also present to increase the percent conversion of bromide to bromine.

Abstract: Trivalent phosphorous compounds (e.g., phosphorous acid and dialkyl phosphites) if present in small amount during the reaction of phenol with a sulfonating agent or a phenol sulfonic acid yield a dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone product that is less colored.

Abstract: A process for photochlorinating aromatic compounds in the side chain and, in particular, a process for the selective chlorination of a 2-alkyl group of 2-alkyl benzoic acid or ester is disclosed. In this process, hydrogen chloride is added to the benzoic acid or ester prior to adding chlorine in the presence of actinic radiation at a reaction temperature below the decomposition temperature of the resulting chlorinated acid or ester. A typical aromatic compound is methyl 2-methylbenzoate and the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature ranging from about -20.degree. C. to 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A reactive fire retardant mixture useful in the preparation of polyurethane foams. The mixture contains a halogenated imide-containing polyol having the formula: ##STR1## and the corresponding ether having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having the valance n+2 and is selected from the group consisting of benzene groups, naphthalene groups and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R' is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 3-12 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine, n is an integer from 1-6 and p is an integer from 2-6. They are prepared by reacting an alcohol (e.g. isopropyl alcohol), a halogenated dicarboxylic anhydride (e.g. tetrabromophthalic anhydride) and an aminopolyol (e.g. 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol).

Abstract: A reactive fire retardant mixture useful in the preparation of polyurethane foams. The mixture contains a halogenated imide-containing polyol having the formula: ##STR1## and the corresponding ether having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having the valance n+2 and is selected from the group consisting of benzene groups, naphthalene groups and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R' is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 3-12 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine, n is an integer from 1-6 and p is an integer from 2-6. They are prepared by reacting an alcohol (e.g. isopropyl alcohol), a halogenated dicarboxylic anhydride (e.g. tetrabromophthalic anhydride) and an aminopolyol (e.g. 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol).

Abstract: A flame retarded high impact polystyrene composition having improved izod impact strength. The high impact polystyrene composition of the present invention contains a flame retardant amount of a halophenoxyalkylsilane. The preferred halophenoxyalkylsilane is bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)dimethylsilane. Antimony oxide may optionally be present.

Abstract: A flame retarded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composition having improved Izod impact strength and improved light stability. The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composition of the present invention contains a flame retardant amount of a halophenoxyalkylsilane. The preferred halophenoxyalkylsilane is bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)dimethylsilane. Antimony oxide may optionally be present.

Abstract: A flame retardant polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam composition containing a flame retardant amount of a normally liquid flame retardant polyol ester. The polyol ester is prepared by a process comprising reacting a halogen containing anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture of said anhydrides with 2 to about 10 moles of an aliphatic diol or mixture of diols per mole of said anhydride to obtain a substantially fully esterified halogen containing product.

Abstract: A normally liquid, flame retardant polyol ester prepared by a process comprising reacting a halogen containing anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture of said anhydrides with an aliphatic polyol having at least three hydroxy groups and an aliphatic diol, to obtain a substantially fully esterified halogen containing product in which the acid number does not exceed 10, with the optional removal of unreacted diol during the course of the reacting or subsequent to the reacting. This flame retardant polyol ester may be used in the preparation of polyurethanes or polyesters.

Abstract: A normally liquid flame retardant polyol ester prepared by a process comprising reacting a halogen containing anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture of said anhydrides with about 2-10 moles of an aliphatic diol or mixture of diols per mole of said anhydride to obtain a substantially fully esterified halogen containing product in which the acid number does not exceed 10 with the optional removal of unreacted diol during the course of the reacting or subsequent to the reacting.

Abstract: A flame retardant polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam composition containing a flame retardant amount of a normally liquid flame retardant polyol ester. The polyol ester is prepared by a process comprising reacting a halogen containing anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid or a mixture of said anhydrides with an aliphatic polyol having at least three hydroxy groups and an aliphatic diol, to obtain a substantially fully esterified halogen containing product.

Abstract: An additive flame retardant bisimide containing halogen atoms and ammonium acid tetrahalophthalate, e.g. N,N'-bis(2-ethylene tetrabromophthalimide) ammonium acid tetrabromophthalate. These compounds are useful in a variety of polymeric compositions and demonstrate increased thermal stability. They also foam on decomposition with the evolution of gas thus readily lending themselves to the preparation of flame retardant coatings.

Abstract: A flame retardant thermoplastic polymer containing a flame retardant amount of a flame retardant additive mixture. The mixture is comprised of halogenated imide-containing polyols having the formula: ##STR1## and the corresponding ethers having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having the valence n+2 and is selected from the group consisting of benzene groups, naphthalene groups and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine, n is an integer from 1-6 and p is an integer from 2-6. The preferred flame retardant mixture is a derivative of tetrabromophthalic anhydride.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a tri-halogenated polystyrene flame retardant for synthetic resins, whereby high molecular weight polystyrene is reacted with bromine chloride in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent, under substantially anhydrous conditions, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the essentially complete bromination of bisphenoxyethane and bisphenoxypropane, and their substitution products, with minimal cleavage of the phenoxy-to-alkylene linkages, characterized by reacting the bisphenoxyalkane reactant with a stoichiometric excess of bromine chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and a chemically inert organic solvent adapted to dissolve all of such reactants and the catalyst. Optionally, the bisphenoxyalkane reactant and the resulting product of the process may have alkyl and chlorine substituents in either or both phenyl groups.