Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: A method for performing infrared analysis for measuring hydrocarbon contamination in water includes providing light from a light source; directing light from the light source through an experimental water sample; detecting the light transmitted from the experimental water sample; and determining a level of hydrocarbon contamination in the experimental water sample based on the light loss in the range between about 5700 cm?1 and 6300 cm?1. An apparatus for performing infrared analysis for measuring hydrocarbon contamination in water includes a controller operative to determine light loss through the sample cell and to determine a level of hydrocarbon contamination in the experimental water sample based on the light loss in the range between about 5700 cm?1 and 6300 cm?1.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: A method for performing infrared analysis for measuring hydrocarbon contamination in water includes providing light from a light source; directing light from the light source through an experimental water sample; detecting the light transmitted from the experimental water sample; and determining a level of hydrocarbon contamination in the experimental water sample based on the light loss in the range between about 5700 cm?1 and 6300 cm?1. An apparatus for performing infrared analysis for measuring hydrocarbon contamination in water includes a controller operative to determine light loss through the sample cell and to determine a level of hydrocarbon contamination in the experimental water sample based on the light loss in the range between about 5700 cm?1 and 6300 cm?1.

Abstract: A four port scanning Michelson interferometer suppresses self-emission by using either a beamsplitter that is uncoated or a beamsplitter that has reflection enhancing dielectric coatings in the splitting and combining areas of the substrate on opposite sides of the substrate. Both beamsplitters are fabricated from infrared optical materials that have a predetermined absorptivity in a predetermined wavelength interval which is from 2 ?m (5000 cm?1) to 13 ?m (770 cm?1) in the infrared. The optical materials of the uncoated beamsplitter are selected from a group of materials made up of ZnSe, ZnS, CdS, CdTe, Silicon, Germanium or Diamond. The optical materials of the other beamsplitter are selected from a group of materials made up of KBr, KCl, NaCl, CsI, BaF, CaF and the like.

Abstract: An optical scanning or positioning mechanism has a head on which optical components are mounted and an actuator coupled to the head to cause the head to move when the actuator is actuated. There are one or more sets of flexure bearings mounted in the mechanism. The flexure bearings have a restoring torque when moved from a rest position. The bearings are coupled to the head to allow the head to move when actuated by the actuator. One or more magnets are mounted in the mechanism in a location other than in the actuator to compensate for the flexure bearings restoring torque.

Abstract: A four port scanning Michelson interferometer suppresses self-emission by using either a beamsplitter that is uncoated or a beamsplitter that has reflection enhancing dielectric coatings in the splitting and combining areas of the substrate on opposite sides of the substrate. Both beamsplitters are fabricated from infrared optical materials that have a predetermined absorptivity in a predetermined wavelength interval which is from 2 ?m (5000 cm?1) to 13 ?m (770 cm?1) in the infrared. The optical materials of the uncoated beamsplitter are selected from a group of materials made up of ZnSe, ZnS, CdS, CdTe, Silicon, Germanium or Diamond. The optical materials of the other beamsplitter are selected from a group of materials made up of KBr, KCl, NaCl, CsI, BaF, CaF and the like.

Abstract: A spectrometric system has a primary channel with a signal waveform and a reference channel with a signal waveform. A digital representation of the primary signal waveform and a digital representation of the reference signal waveform to provide a digital output representing the primary signal at datum points synchronized with the reference signal are processed by computing the Fourier transform of the primary signal waveform and using a fast reverse non-uniform discrete Fourier Transform technique to compute the reverse non-uniform discrete Fourier transform of the Fourier transform of the primary signal waveform to provide the digital output representing the primary signal at datum points synchronized with the reference signal.

Abstract: An optical scanning or positioning mechanism has a head on which optical components are mounted and an actuator coupled to the head to cause the head to move when the actuator is actuated. There are one or more sets of flexure bearings mounted in the mechanism. The flexure bearings have a restoring torque when moved from a rest position. The bearings are coupled to the head to allow the head to move when actuated by the actuator. One or more magnets are mounted in the mechanism in a location other than in the actuator to compensate for the flexure bearings restoring torque.

Abstract: A two-beam interferometer for Fourier Transform spectroscopy has a double pivot scanning mechanism. The interferometer has two rigid pendulums that are each rotatable to swing around an associated one of distinct axes of rotation. A linkage links the two rigid pendulums to each other and constrains their rotation relative to each other. The interferometer has bearings, which may be flexure bearings, for rotatably mounting the two pendulums to swing around an associated one of the distinct axes of rotation and a first and a second bearing linking the linkage to an associated one of the pendulums. The two rigid pendulums, the linkage and the bearings can be a monolithic structure.

Abstract: A spectrometric system has a primary channel with a signal waveform and a reference channel with a signal waveform. A digital representation of the primary signal waveform and a digital representation of the reference signal waveform to provide a digital output representing the primary signal at datum points synchronized with the reference signal are processed by computing the Fourier transform of the primary signal waveform and using a fast reverse non-uniform discrete Fourier Transform technique to compute the reverse non-uniform discrete Fourier transform of the Fourier transform of the primary signal waveform to provide the digital output representing the primary signal at datum points synchronized with the reference signal.

Abstract: A two-beam interferometer for Fourier Transform spectroscopy has a double pivot scanning mechanism. The interferometer has two rigid pendulums that are each rotatable to swing around an associated one of distinct axes of rotation. A linkage links the two rigid pendulums to each other and constrains their rotation relative to each other. The interferometer has bearings, which may be flexure bearings, for rotatably mounting the two pendulums to swing around an associated one of the distinct axes of rotation and a first and a second bearing linking the linkage to an associated one of the pendulums. The two rigid pendulums, the linkage and the bearings can be a monolithic structure.