Abstract: According to various embodiments, a system for providing an environmental rating to an entity is disclosed. The system includes one or more processors configured to determine a point in time (PIT) rating. The PIT rating is determined by: receiving an entity-specific unremediated emissions amount for a predetermined period of time; receiving an entity-specific scaling measure for the predetermined period of time; receiving external cost values for each entity-specific unremediated emission; determining an aggregate external cost for the entity based on the entity-specific unremediated emission amount and each associated external cost value; determining an indicative rating ratio based on the aggregate external cost for the entity and the entity-specific scaling measure; comparing the indicative rating ratio to categories in a ratio rating table and select a rating defined by an interval into which the indicative rating ratio falls; and outputting the selected rating.

Abstract: A tachometer for a motor vehicle includes a controller adapted to provide a current rpm value at a current gear which is engaged and at least one predicted rpm value at a different gear which is not currently engaged. A display is operatively connected to the controller and is adapted to produce an observable indication of the current rpm value and an observable indication of the predicted rpm value. By displaying predicted rpm values for different gears, the motor vehicle operator can easily see the effect of shifting gears so that the gears can be shifted in a manner to obtain optimum performance of the motor vehicle. The display preferably produces an observable indication of the current gear number near the current rpm value and an observable indication of the different gear number near the observable indication of the predicted rpm value.

Abstract: A tachometer for a motor vehicle includes a controller adapted to provide a current rpm value at a current gear which is engaged and at least one predicted rpm value at a different gear which is not currently engaged. A display is operatively connected to the controller and is adapted to produce an observable indication of the current rpm value and an observable indication of the predicted rpm value. By displaying predicted rpm values for different gears, the motor vehicle operator can easily see the effect of shifting gears so that the gears can be shifted in a manner to obtain optimum performance of the motor vehicle. The display preferably produces an observable indication of the current gear number near the current rpm value and an observable indication of the different gear number near the observable indication of the predicted rpm value.