Abstract: A cryopreservation medium including: a first cryoprotective particle or macromolecule: a second cryoprotective particle or macromolecule: and an aqueous liquid, wherein the first cryoprotective particle or macromolecule is hydrophilic and has a spherical shape when dissolved or suspended in the aqueous liquid, and wherein the second cryoprotective particle or macromolecule has an affinity for the first cryoprotective particle or macromolecule and an affinity for the plasma membrane of the cell.

Abstract: A nozzle for a laser processing head is provided. The nozzle includes a primary passage disposed in a body of the nozzle. The primary passage is configured to direct a laser beam and a primary fluid from a proximal end of the body to a distal end of the body. The nozzle also includes a set of at least one auxiliary passage disposed in the body of the nozzle and radially offset from a longitudinal axis of the primary passage. A distal portion of the auxiliary passage diverts into two fluid flow passages including (i) a first fluid flow passage configured to direct a first portion of an auxiliary fluid axially forward toward the distal end of the nozzle body, and (ii) a second fluid flow passage configured to direct a second portion of the auxiliary fluid radially inward to mix with the primary fluid in the primary passage.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment is a method of formation of nanoparticle conjugates for cancer diagnostics, imaging and therapy, wherein the method allows determination a priori the efficacy of the nanoparticle conjugate for treatment of disease. A preferred stable pharmaceutical formulation includes a single antibody agent retaining its functionality in accordance with a predetermination of an a priori efficacy and electrostatically or covalently linked to a nanoparticle in a predetermined ratio in accordance with the a priori efficacy. Preferred embodiments also provide a method for forming single human antibody nanoparticle conjugates. The methods retain properties of the human antibody with a fabrication process that also allows control of the bonding mode of the antibody to the surface of AuNP, such that the bonding mode can be predetermined to be either electrostatic or covalent.

Abstract: A nanoconjugate that includes multiple antibody agents bonded to a single nanoparticles via a linker to form a conjugate having either electrostatic or covalent bonding or that retains original properties of the multiple antibody types prior to formation of the conjugate. Preferred methods provide for multiple antibody types attached to a single nanoparticle via electrostatic attachment, covalent or mixed covalent and electrostatic attachment.

Abstract: Sensor device for ion channel recordings; liquid-liquid measurements and resistive pulse particle counting comprising; at least one sensor element; the element comprising a diamond thin film substrate and a pore which is a nanopore or a micropore included in the substrate. This device may be used in analysis, for instance the device may be used for single molecule detection of an apialyte (e.g. DNA), for the analysis of interactions between a sensor element and an analyte, for the detection of pore forming entities, or for the determination of ion transfer.

Abstract: Sensor device for ion channel recordings; liquid-liquid measurements and resistive pulse particle counting comprising; at least one sensor element; the element comprising a diamond thin film substrate and a pore which is a nanopore or a micropore included in the substrate. This device may be used in analysis, for instance the device may be used for single molecule detection of an apialyte (e.g. DNA), for the analysis of interactions between a sensor element and an analyte, for the detection of pore forming entities, or for the determination of ion transfer.

Abstract: Semiconductor films and structures, such as films and structures utilizing zinc oxide or other metal oxides, and processes for forming such films and structures, are provided for use in metal oxide semiconductor light emitting devices and other metal oxide semiconductor devices, such as ZnO based semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Layered and film structures for improving the performance of semiconductor devices include single and multiple quantum wells and double heterostructures and superlattice structures.

Abstract: An example embodiment of a method for making gold nanoparticles includes steps of reacting a gold salt with a phosphino amino acid. Example phosphino amino acids include trimers, with a particular example being a trimeric amino acid conjugate containing one phosphino group. In an example method of the invention, the gold nanoparticles may be produced in timer periods of less than about 3 minutes, and at temperatures of less than about 30° C. Other methods of the invention are directed to methods for stabilizing gold nanoparticles, and to methods for making gold nanochains.

Abstract: A process for preparing p-n or n-p junctions having a p-type oxide film is disclosed. In one embodiment, a p-type zinc oxide film has a net acceptor concentration of at least about 1015 acceptors/cm3.

Abstract: Materials and structures for improving the performance of semiconductor devices include ZnBeO alloy materials, ZnCdOSe alloy materials, ZnBeO alloy materials that may contain Mg for lattice matching purposes, and BeO material. The atomic fraction x of Be in the ZnBeO alloy system, namely, Zn1-xBexO, can be varied to increase the energy band gap of ZnO to values larger than that of ZnO. The atomic fraction y of Cd and the atomic fraction z of Se in the ZnCdOSe alloy system, namely, Zn1-yCdyO1-zSez, can be varied to decrease the energy band gap of ZnO to values smaller than that of ZnO. Each alloy formed can be undoped, or p-type or n-type doped, by use of selected dopant elements. These alloys can be used alone or in combination to form active photonic layers that can emit over a range of wavelength values, heterostructures such as single and multiple quantum wells and superlattice layers or cladding layers, and to fabricate optical and electronic semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A hybrid beam deposition (HBD) system and methods according to the present invention utilizes a unique combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique and equipment with equipment and techniques that provide a radical oxygen rf-plasma stream to effectively increase the flux density of available reactive oxygen at a deposition substrate for the effective synthesis of metal oxide thin films. The HBD system and methods of the present invention further integrate molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and/or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques and equipment in combination with the PLD equipment and technique and the radical oxygen rf-plasma stream to provide elemental source materials for the synthesis of undoped and/or doped metal oxide thin films as well as synthesis of undoped and/or doped metal-based oxide alloy thin films.

Abstract: An epitaxially layered structure with gate voltage bias supply circuit element for improvement in performance for semiconductor field effect transistor (FET) devices utilizes a structure comprised of a substrate, a first layer semiconductor film of either an n-type or a p-type grown epitaxially on the substrate, with the possibility of a buffer layer between the substrate and first layer film, an active semiconductor layer grown epitaxially on the first semiconductor layer with the conductivity type of the active layer being opposite that of the first semiconductor layer, with the active layer having a gate region and a drain region and a source region with electrical contacts to gate, drain and source regions sufficient to form a FET, an electrical contact on either the substrate or the first semiconductor layer, and a gate voltage bias supply circuit element electrically connected to gate contact and to substrate or first semiconductor layer with voltage polarity and magnitude sufficient to increase device

Abstract: A thermal spray mixed with a substrate using a non-consumable cylindrical rotating tool. The process may be repeated to create a composite-like coating or material. The coating or material may be machine to improve surface quality.

Abstract: A thermal spray mixed with a substrate using a non-consumable cylindrical rotating tool. The process may be repeated to create a composite-like coating or material. The coating or material may be machine to improve surface quality.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a propulsion system of a space-borne object (e.g., a satellite) is based on the principle that temperature in the propellant tank of the propulsion system is directly proportional to the pressure therein. Accordingly, when pressure drops, the system and method maintains a desired pressure in the propellant tank by heating the tank. The amount of heat to be applied is determined based on an evaluation of thruster performance data collected during satellite test maneuvers. Heating of the tank may be coupled with the introduction of helium gas to provide a two-pronged approach for maintaining tank pressure. Alternatively, the helium gas may itself be heated prior to its introduction into the propellant tank. By maintaining a desired tank pressure, efficient performance of the satellite thrusters is assured.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a propulsion system of a space-borne object (e.g., a satellite) is based on the principle that temperature in the propellant tank of the propulsion system is directly proportional to the pressure therein. Accordingly, when pressure drops, the system and method maintains a desired pressure in the propellant tank by heating the tank. The amount of heat to be applied is determined based on an evaluation of thruster performance data collected during satellite test maneuvers. Heating of the tank may be coupled with the introduction of helium gas to provide a two-pronged approach for maintaining tank pressure. Alternatively, the helium gas may itself be heated prior to its introduction into the propellant tank. By maintaining a desired tank pressure, efficient performance of the satellite thrusters is assured.

Abstract: A method that includes (a) interacting electronically with relatively lower volume retailing customers of a manufacturer to conduct transactions that involve products of the manufacturer, the interaction with the retailing customers occurring through a network-driven graphical user interface, and (b) interacting electronically with the manufacturer to conduct the transactions, the interaction with the manufacturer occurring through a communication protocol that is already used by the manufacturer to interact directly with relatively higher volume individual retailing customers.

Abstract: A method that includes (1) storing (a) item data associated with retail items available for sale to retailers and (b) presentation information that defines a mode for presenting the item data to a buyer associated with the retailer, (2) presenting the item data to a buyer in an interactive user interface in accordance with the predefined mode, and (3) accepting from the buyer through the user interface, order information associated with at least some of the retail items for which item data has been presented.