Abstract: Apparatus and method for functionally securely transfer data in a two-sided data exchange of safety-related data between two communication partners (A, B), wherein a mapping is defined, which assigns to a consumer ID a provider ID of the same end point in the case of each bidirectional connection, and the mapping is made known to the two end points a priori, where the mapping could consist of the one's complement or alternatively of the two's complement, and wherein the connection between the data provider and the data consumer is established as described, the data consumer receives the address identification of the data provider via an additional side channel, for example, and after the connection has been established, the identification of the data provider can be securely checked.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for functionally securely transfer data in a two-sided data exchange of safety-related data between two communication partners (A, B), wherein a mapping is defined, which assigns to a consumer ID a provider ID of the same end point in the case of each bidirectional connection, and the mapping is made known to the two end points a priori, where the mapping could consist of the one's complement or alternatively of the two's complement, and wherein the connection between the data provider and the data consumer is established as described, the data consumer receives the address identification of the data provider via an additional side channel, for example, and after the connection has been established, the identification of the data provider can be securely checked.

Abstract: In order to enable a seamless configuration modification during operation, a first automation device sends a second automation device a request for parameter modification. The second automation device responds to the request, such that a standby acknowledgement of the request is sent. Immediately with the transmission of the standby acknowledgement in the second automation device, an output process image is frozen, and the modification of the communication parameters for the second automation device is carried out. The first automation device responds, such that after receiving the standby acknowledgement in the first automation device, the communication is immediately stopped and the modification of the communication parameters is carried out for the first automation device. An input process image is frozen.

Abstract: A method for functionally secure connection identification during data exchange between two communication subscribers in a communication system, wherein a first subscriber operates as a data provider with a first address identifier and a second subscriber operates as a data requester with a second address identifier, wherein in a request of safety-related data of the first subscriber in a request message, the second subscriber transmits an order number of the data request and its second address identifier and the first subscriber responds with a response message, the second subscriber subsequently checking to determine whether this message contains (i) a second address identifier of the requesting second subscriber, (ii) an order number of the request message of the second subscriber and (iii) the first address identifier of the requested first subscriber, in the event all checking steps are positive, the safety-related data being accepted and otherwise discarded.

Abstract: A method for functionally secure connection identification for data exchange via a telegram between a source data service and a sink data service, wherein whether the time stamp of an incoming telegram is older than the time stamp of a predecessor telegram is determined, upon receipt of the predecessor telegram a monitoring counter being started and whether the currently incoming telegram has arrived within a monitoring time is additionally determined, where a local time stamp of a local time basis is compared with the associated time stamp of the incoming telegram and whether a comparison difference does not exceed a period of time is determined, a telegram arriving only being accepted as valid if the time stamp of the arriving telegram is greater than the time stamp of the telegram most recently accepted as valid, and data is valid if the checks are positive, otherwise a fail-safe reaction is triggered.

Abstract: A method for functionally secure connection identification for data exchange via a telegram between a source data service and a sink data service, wherein whether the time stamp of an incoming telegram is older than the time stamp of a predecessor telegram is determined, upon receipt of the predecessor telegram a monitoring counter being started and whether the currently incoming telegram has arrived within a monitoring time is additionally determined, where a local time stamp of a local time basis is compared with the associated time stamp of the incoming telegram and whether a comparison difference does not exceed a period of time is determined, a telegram arriving only being accepted as valid if the time stamp of the arriving telegram is greater than the time stamp of the telegram most recently accepted as valid, and data is valid if the checks are positive, otherwise a fail-safe reaction is triggered.

Abstract: A safety-oriented automation system in which additional point-to-point-communications links are installed in addition to the field bus so as to increase functional safety in an automation system.

Abstract: An automation system includes a fieldbus, at least two automation devices which are securely connected to the fieldbus, at least two coupling points which are configured such that automated connection and disconnection of an exchanging device to and from the fieldbus is possible, wherein exchanging devices are configured to establish a functionally safe connection with the automation devices via the fieldbus, where the functional safety thus achieved serves to avoid malfunctions as a result of errors.

Abstract: In order to enable a seamless configuration modification during operation, a first automation device sends a second automation device a request for parameter modification. The second automation device responds to the request, such that a standby acknowledgement of the request is sent. Immediately with the transmission of the standby acknowledgement in the second automation device, an output process image is frozen, and the modification of the communication parameters for the second automation device is carried out. The first automation device responds, such that after receiving the standby acknowledgement in the first automation device, the communication is immediately stopped and the modification of the communication parameters is carried out for the first automation device. An input process image is frozen.

Abstract: A method for functionally secure connection identification during data exchange between two communication subscribers in a communication system, wherein a first subscriber operates as a data provider with a first address identifier and a second subscriber operates as a data requester with a second address identifier, wherein in a request of safety-related data of the first subscriber in a request message, the second subscriber transmits an order number of the data request and its second address identifier and the first subscriber responds with a response message, the second subscriber subsequently checking to determine whether this message contains (i) a second address identifier of the requesting second subscriber, (ii) an order number of the request message of the second subscriber and (iii) the first address identifier of the requested first subscriber, in the event all checking steps are positive, the safety-related data being accepted and otherwise discarded.

Abstract: A method and facility for safely issuing addresses to modules connected in a network by a data connection, wherein the address of a respective module comprises a module address and a subsidiary address that specifies the position at which the respective module is located in the network and/or the interface to which the respective module is connected, where as an alternative or additionally the subsidiary address can specify the slot of an interface to which the module is connected, in an addressing step the address is allocated to the respective module and a check is performed via to determine whether the respective address of the respective module is unique, and where if it is not unique, then a signal is provided and, based on the signal, at least for one module the subsidiary address, is changed such that is advantageously possible to issue addresses in a network simple and safely.

Abstract: A safety-oriented automation system in which additional point-to-point-communications links are installed in addition to the field bus so as to increase functional safety in an automation system.

Abstract: An automation system includes a fieldbus, at least two automation devices which are securely connected to the fieldbus, at least two coupling points which are configured such that automated connection and disconnection of an exchanging device to and from the fieldbus is possible, wherein exchanging devices are configured to establish a functionally safe connection with the automation devices via the fieldbus, where the functional safety thus achieved serves to avoid malfunctions as a result of errors.

Abstract: A method for checking an installation location of a component in a failsafe automation system, wherein the components are connected to one another in series and uniquely defined addresses are continuously assigned from a first component to successor components, wherein, after the assignment of addresses to the components, a switching device is operated in the components such that a signal transit time measurement is performed incrementally with a test signal for each successor component, and wherein the test signal is emitted and re-received and the installation location of the successor component is check based on the time difference.

Abstract: A method for detecting errors in a transfer of data from a transmitter to at least one receiver includes coding the data together with address information identifying the receiver in a series of data packets and transferring the data and the address information using the data packets. The method also includes generating, at the transmitter, a check value for each data packet and transferring the check value with/in the data packet to the receiver. The method further includes comparing, at the receiver, the check value with an expectation value, wherein an error is detected in the event of a deviation. For each data packet to be transmitted, the method includes calculating a number sequence value from the address information using a first calculation rule, generating the check value from the sequence value using a second calculation rule and transmitting the data packet with the check value to the receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flame reactor characterized in that the flame reactor comprises a reactor chamber having a volume of 1 m3 to 10 m3, is 1 m to 10 m high, and includes a reactor nozzle for feeding the reactants.

Abstract: A method for operating a network with two control devices and at least one peripheral device, wherein each of the control devices, in relation to the peripheral device, is in an active operating state in which it is sending control instructions to the peripheral device or is in an idle operating state in which it is not sending any control instructions to the peripheral device. The control device that is in the active operating state in relation to the peripheral device sends synchronization signals at regular intervals to the other control device and activity signals to the peripheral device. Upon failure of the synchronization signals, the non-active control device checks whether the peripheral device is still receiving activity signals from the active control device. If it is not, the non-active control device assumes control of the peripheral device.

Abstract: A method for detecting errors in a transfer of data from a transmitter to at least one receiver includes coding the data together with address information identifying the receiver in a series of data packets and transferring the data and the address information using the data packets. The method also includes generating, at the transmitter, a check value for each data packet and transferring the check value with/in the data packet to the receiver. The method further includes comparing, at the receiver, the check value with an expectation value, wherein an error is detected in the event of a deviation. For each data packet to be transmitted, the method includes calculating a number sequence value from the address information using a first calculation rule, generating the check value from the sequence value using a second calculation rule and transmitting the data packet with the check value to the receiver.

Abstract: A method for checking an installation location of a component in a failsafe automation system, wherein the components are connected to one another in series and uniquely defined addresses are continuously assigned from a first component to successor components, wherein, after the assignment of addresses to the components, a switching device is operated in the components such that a signal transit time measurement is performed incrementally with a test signal for each successor component, and wherein the test signal is emitted and re-received and the installation location of the successor component is check based on the time difference.

Abstract: Particles with a structural surface which are useful to produce abrasion resistant self-cleaning surfaces contain particulate solid particles having a superstructured overlayer of fine particles. The particles may be prepared by polymerizing a polymerizable siloxane, silane, or mixture thereof in a Pickering emulsion.