Abstract: A sensing element for an inductive position measuring device includes an excitation track, a receiving track, a substrate made of a metallic material, and a shield layer structure. The shield layer structure includes a first layer that has a dielectric property and a second layer that is electrically conductive. The shield layer structure is arranged between the substrate and the receiving track and/or between the substrate and the excitation track.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a plurality of semiconductors that form a power converter, a protocol for controlling the plurality of semiconductors is transmitted via a signal line between a control unit and the semiconductors. Additionally transmitted via the signal line is a sign-of-life signal, wherein the semiconductors are switched off, when the sign-of-life signal is absent, and the semiconductors of the power converter are switched using optimized pulse patterns.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a plurality of semiconductors that form a power converter, a protocol for controlling the plurality of semiconductors is transmitted via a signal line between a control unit and the semiconductors. Additionally transmitted via the signal line is a sign-of-life signal, wherein the semiconductors are switched off, when the sign-of-life signal is absent, and the semiconductors of the power converter are switched using optimized pulse patterns.

Abstract: A service brake accelerator for indirect compressed-air brakes on railway vehicles includes a control piston which is loaded by the pressure in the main airpipe against the pressure in a reference pressure chamber and which controls a shutoff valve between the main airpipe and a piston chamber, a first outlet valve for the main airpipe and a second outlet valve for the piston chamber. Through appropriate dimensioning of the valve strokes (a,b), upon movement of the control piston out of its rest position the shutoff valve is closed first, and simultaneously or later the first outlet valve is opened and only subsequently the second outlet valve is opened. A valve piston arranged coaxially with the control piston is loaded by the pressure in the piston chamber and the force of a spring.On its other side, the valve piston is acted upon by the reference pressure over a partial area, but with the air vent valve open it is acted upon by the reference pressure over its entire area.

Abstract: A service brake accelerator having a line chamber (3) connected to the main air supply line (1) and a reference pressure chamber (6) connected to the line chamber via a nozzle (7). The line chamber is separated from the reference pressure chamber by a diaphragm piston (5) which is biased by a spring (10) against a valve seat (9) projecting into the reference pressure chamber and restricting a nozzle opening (23) to the inner chamber (24) of a second valve seat (20). A second diaphragm piston (17) is biased against this second valve seat by a spring (21). The space (16) surrounding the second valve seat can be connected, partly throttled, via a nozzle (14), to the line chamber by way of a shut-off valve (12, 13) which opens laterally of the reference pressure chamber upon overbalancing pressure upon the first diaphragm piston; this space is always open to atmosphere via a further nozzle (25). The accelerator operates cyclically and has a safe, stable neutral position between its work cycles and rest position.