Abstract: The invention is directed to an immersion nozzle for casting metal, especially steel, in plants for the continuous casting of thin slabs. On order to provide an immersion casting pipe that is easy to manufacture, has a long life, and enables the liquid metal to flow out in a uniform manner, it is suggested, according to the invention, that the pour-in part (11) is a pipe having a straight-surface front mouth (12), and the pour-out part (21) is constructed from plane-surface wall elements (22, 23). For this purpose, the circular cross-sectional area (A.sub.R) of the pour-in part (11) is in a relationship to the rectangular free cross-sectional area (A.sub.E) of the pour-out part (21) such that A.sub.R /A.sub.E .gtoreq.1.7.

Abstract: An electrical capacitor of a non-impregnated, self-curing type includes a roll or wound body provided with metallic layers. Interspaces between the windings of the roll are filled with a gaseous or vaporous additive substance of a polyatomic hydrocarbon compound which is free of halogens and whose ionization potential is less than the ionization potential of at least a part of decomposition products of dielectric substance of the capacitor. The additive substances makes it possible that in an electric arc of a disruptive breakdown in the dielectric material of the capacitor the charge is taken over by positive ions of the decomposition product and subsequent clusters of breakdowns are substantially prevented. In addition, the additive substances absorb during a breakdown UV photons so that the emission of secondary electrons on the metallic lining is avoided.

Abstract: To decrease the thickness of plastic foil capacitors using, for example, polycarbonate or polypropylene foils, and permit full utilization of the dielectric strength of the dielectric material without degradation of the electrode layer applied thereto, the electrode layer, typically of aluminum or zinc, has an additive of at least one of the metals Al, Ni, Mg, Ti, Hf, Be, Bi therein, present for example as an intermetallic compound, in a quantity of from 0.5 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5% (by weight). The electrode can be applied as a vapor-deposited coating, in which the additive is uniformly distributed. The previously observed decomposition of the electrode coating under applied voltages is thereby effectively prevented. Thus, the full dielectric strength of the dielectric material is utilized, resulting in a smaller and less expensive capacitor.

Abstract: In the manufacture of devices using a metal film deposited on a substrate of paper or synthetic resin sheet or strip material, an advantage has been found with respect to promoting adherence and resisting corrosion, when an intermediate layer is used that does not completely cover the substrate but leaves gaps between covered areas or islands. The top layer, which covers the exposed areas of the substrate and the intermediate layer, is aluminum, zinc, cadmium or zinc-cadmium. The patchy intermediate layer is an oxide or a mixture of oxides of tungsten, lead, antimony, bismuth. Oxides of certain other metals and silicon and boron oxides are also usable. Both the oxide layer and the metal layer can be vapor-deposited on a moving strip of the substrate at a foreign gas pressure of up to 1 torr. in a single pass of the substrate strip through the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: The disintegration of the aluminum layer in standard capacitors which takes place as a function of electric field strength is prevented by use of a thin coating which includes a small amount of evenly distributed copper. The average percentage in weight of copper in an aluminum layer is preferably between 2 and 5 percent. The coating is vapor deposited.

Abstract: The process for the continuous hardening of tubes comprises helically advancing a plurality of tubes arranged end to end in a horizontal direction and externally heating said tubes. A further step includes simultaneously or successively heating internally the said tubes and subsequently cooling said tubes both externally and internally. A further step includes temporarily accelerating the feeding of said tubes to divide the substantially continuous line of tubes into individual tubes. An additional step before externally and internally heating the tubes includes preheating said tubes to a temperature in the range of 500.degree. to 600.degree. C. Apparatus for the continuous hardening of tubes includes a roller table for the longitudinal helical transport of the tubes arranged end to end. An external heat source is provided for heating the tubes and an external spraying ring is arranged axially in advance of the heat source for the external cooling of the tubes.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding and distributing a steel melt into a continuous casting mould for slabs includes a pouring vessel with outlet apertures in its bottom wall. Immersion outlet elements depend from said vessel in registry with its outlet apertures, and extend down through the bath surface level in the mould and have lateral outlets. A pair of immersion outlets extend into said mould, and have an internal cross-section greater than the apertures in the pouring vessel, with their bottoms closed. Said immersion outlets each have a pair of lateral outlets of different cross-sectional area, on opposite sides thereof, longitudinally offset with respect to each other. One of the outlet apertures is larger in cross section than the other and is directed towards the center of the mould. Smaller outlet apertures are one-third to one-fifth of the cross-sectional area of the larger outlet apertures. Said outlet apertures are directed obliquely upward.