Abstract: A method for the determination of the amount of cholesterol in lipoproteins other than high density lipoproteins in a lipoprotein-containing sample, said method comprising (a) electrochemically determining the amount of cholesterol bound to high density lipoproteins in the sample, (b) electrochemically determining the total amount of cholesterol in the sample, and subtracting the result of (a) from the result of (b).

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a biosensor comprising a substrate containing a biochemical analyte, an enzyme system, a low molecular weight glycol ether and a detection means. The biochemical analyte is a low density lipoprotein. The enzyme system contains a cholesterol enzyme such as cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase or cholesterol dehydrogenase.

Abstract: In an electrochemical sensor, the potential difference applied to the electrochemical cell is raised to a measuring value at a rate determined to reduce the transient current. The maximum rate of change of the voltage is set to prevent saturation of an IE converter. The electrochemical cell may contain micro-electrodes as working and reference electrodes. The method may be applied to a battery powered, handheld device.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the amount of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins in a high density lipoprotein containing sample, said method comprising reacting the sample with a surfactant which preferentially reacts with high density lipoproteins in the sample, said surfactant being selected from hydroxyethyl glucamide derivatives and N-acyl-N-methyl glucamine derivatives, and measuring the amount of cholesterol in the high density lipoproteins, for example using an electrochemical technique.

Abstract: A process for producing a device comprising an electrochemical cell, said device comprising a strip having a receptacle or partial receptacle formed therein, a working electrode of the electrochemical cell being located in a wall of the receptacle or partial receptacle, wherein the process comprises the steps of—forming a laminate comprising a working electrode layer between two insulating layers; —creating a hole or well in the laminate, the hole or well passing through the working electrode layer; and optionally—attaching the laminate to a base, to form a receptacle; wherein said step of creating a hole or well comprises laser drilling the laminate.

Abstract: Norbornenyl compounds such as dicyclopentadiene are sulfurized by reaction with a controlled amount of sulfur in the absence of a solvent or using a non-polar solvent to give a normally liquid oil-soluble sulfur-containing compound useful as a lubricating oil additive.

Abstract: Novel compounds useful in hydraulic fluid compositions as additives, as base stock or as members of a blended base stock are glycol-substituted aryl silanes of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (A) R is aryl;(b) X is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## in which each R.sub.2 is defined above, R' is as hereinafter defined, each R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, R.sup.3 is alkyl, R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of diol and polyol residues, R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and alkyl, and n is an integer; and(c) each R' is, independently selected from the group consisting of groups of formula (A) as defined above, alkyl, aryl, and groups of the formula:-- O -- R.sup.5wherein R.sup.5 is alkyl and if the glycol-substituted aryl silane contains more than one group R.sup.

Abstract: As novel compounds, orthosilicate esters having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a propylene glycol monoalkyl ether residue containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the terminal alkyl group or is a tertiary alkyl group; each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the same or different and is an ethylene or propylene glycol monoalkyl ether residue containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the terminal alkyl group or is a tertiary alkyl group, provided that when R.sup.1 is a propylene glycol monoalkyl ether residue each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are also propylene glycol monoalkyl ether residues; the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being at least 15 and at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being a glycol monoalkyl ether residue.Also disclosed are hydraulic fluids containing the novel compounds.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The compounds also contain the residue of an alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl xanthate and may also contain the residue of a further nucleophilic group. The new compounds are useful in lubricating oil compositions. The compositions may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: Novel glycol-substituted alkyl silanes useful as components of hydraulic fluids have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are specified substituents. Hydraulic fluids containing the glycol-substituted alkyl silanes are also described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a sulphur compound suitable for use as a lubricant additive comprises reacting a trithiolan compound with a thiol compound in the presence of a base.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings of 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The compound also contains the residue of a dithiophosphoric acid containing two organic moieties. The new compounds are useful in major or minor amounts in lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil may be a hydraulic oil. The composition may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: Novel glycol-substituted alkyl silanes useful as components of hydraulic fluids have the general formula: ##EQU1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are specified substituents. Hydraulic fluids containing the glycol-substituted alkyl silanes are also described.