Abstract: A process for working up residues from the preparation of pyrrolidone and/or N-vinylpyrrolidone comprises subjecting the residues to a thermolysis.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the isolation of pure N-vinylpyrrolidone from N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing crude products, comprising a single-stage or multistage crystallization process, which comprises passing the mother liquor from the first crystallization stage either to a distillative and/or extractive purification, or returning it to an N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing product stream of the preparation process.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the isolation of pure N-vinylpyrrolidone from N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing crude products, comprising a single-stage or multistage crystallization process, which comprises passing the mother liquor from the first crystallization stage either to a distillative and/or extractive purification, or returning it to an N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing product stream of the preparation process.

Abstract: A process for working up residues from the preparation of pyrrolidone and/or N-vinylpyrrolidone comprises subjecting the residues to a thermolysis.

Abstract: A process for vinylation of an organic acidic-hydrogen compound, which entails reacting an organic acidic-hydrogen compound with acetylene or an acetylene-containing gas under elevated pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a base, wherein reactor regions initiating decomposition of acetylene are treated with an effective amount of a chemically inert oil of medium viscosity.

Abstract: The preparation of monovinyl ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which A stands for a chemical bond or for a methylene or ethylene group, the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently stand for hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl groups or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene bridging member, by the reaction of a diol of the general formula II ##STR2## in which the variables have the above meanings, with acetylene in the presence of a base, in which the reaction is carried out at 150.degree.-250.degree. C. under an acetylene partial pressure of 5-25 bar until 40-80% of the diol has been converted, at which point the reaction is stopped and the monovinyl ether of the formula I is isolated.

Abstract: In a process for purifying N-vinylpyrrolidone by crystallization in a crystallizer, those surfaces of the crystallizer from which crystals grow during the crystallization are covered with an N-vinylpyrrolidone seed layer before the crystallization.

Abstract: Chemical impurities contained in N-vinylpyrrolid-2-one are bound by a process in which the anhydride of an organic carboxylic acid is added to the crude N-vinylpyrrolid-2-one.

Abstract: A lubricant for shaping polyvinyl chloride, which contains esters of oligomers of trihydric, tetrahydric, pentahydric or hexahydric aliphatic alcohols, having 3 or more monomer units, with saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 -C.sub.36 -fatty acids, from 30 to 100% of the alcoholic hydroxyl groups being esterified.

Abstract: A process for removing oligomer deposits from dyed and non-dyed textile materials which consist of polyester fibers or of blends of these fibers with other fibers, and from dyeing machinery, by a treatment with an aqueous, alkaline liquor which contains from 0.1 to 10 g/l of a quaternary ammonium compound carrying not less than two C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or -alkenyl groups on the quaternary nitrogen, at up to 100.degree. C. The oligomers are hydrolyzed and are removed together with the treatment liquor.

Abstract: Linear polypropylene ether glycols of high molecular weight are made by reacting a linear polypropylene ether glycol of lower molecular weight first with an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide or other suitable base to form an alcoholate, and then coupling the alcoholate with a suitable difunctional coupling agent, such as the benzene-sulfonic acid diester of ethylene glycol or with some other suitable arylsulfonic acid diester of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alcohol, thereby obtaining a 100 percent linear polypropylene ether glycol of a desirably higher molecular weight. Materials so produced find use in an aqueous medium as defoaming agents, thickeners, or emulsifiers, and use as protective colloids to improve the low-temperature stability of polyurethane and other latices.

Abstract: Solid cold bleach activator formulations for detergents which contain, as the active ingredient, a compound carrying acyl groups adsorbed on a three-dimensionally crosslinked water-insoluble inorganic compound having silicon-oxygen and/or aluminum-oxygen bonds.

Abstract: Certain melamine derivatives are added as anti-foam agents to detergents, cleaners and rinses.

Abstract: New polyether polyols of predetermined structure are prepared by reacting polyether bis alcoholates with selected bis epoxides. Specifically, a polyoxyalkylene glycol is converted to the bis alcoholate, and then the bis alcoholate is reacted with an equivalent amount of a glycol bis glycidyl ether, with the reactants being mixed together all at once. The polyether polyalcoholate thus obtained is converted to a high molecular weight polyether polyol by acid neutralization or ion exchange.

Abstract: Highly branched polyether polyols of high molecular weight (such as over 12,000) are made by coupling an alkoxylated polyglycerol, by reaction of the sodium alcoholate of the oxyalkylated polyglycerol with a dibenzenesulfo or ditoluenesulfo ester of a diol containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Products obtained are viscous resinous products which are particularly suitable for use as hydrophilic water-swellable gels and other purposes.

Abstract: Special quaternary ammonium salts derived from triaminoalkyl derivatives of hexahydrotriazine for use as retarders in the dyeing of anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic dyes.

Abstract: Cyclic acetals or ketals of carbonyl compounds having at least one aliphatic or aromatic radical, and polyhydric alcohols which have at least one more hydroxyl group than those required for acetalization, and which are furthermore oxyalkylated at the free hydroxyl group or groups.

Abstract: Detergent-iodine complexes consisting of oxyalkylation products of fatty alkyl-imidazolines which have been reacted with iodine.

Abstract: Special quaternary ammonium salts of 2,4,6-tris-(.omega.-dialkylamino-alkyleneamino)-triazines and 2,4,6-tris-(.omega.-dialkylaminoalkoxy)-triazines and their use in dyeing anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic dyes; these special derivatives of triazine are particularly effective retarders.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile polymer fibers are dyed level shades with basic dyes using as leveling agent a quaternary ammonium salt containing two or three benzyl groups as nitrogen ligands.