Abstract: An apparatus for the direct measurement of total radiation dose from the difference in electrochemical potential between an unirradiated solution containing known concentrations of ceric and cerous ions and a gamma or electron irradiated solution initially containing the same known concentrations of ceric and cerous ions. The apparatus comprises a cell which is divided into two sections, which are separated by a porous frit. Unirradiated solution is placed in one section of the cell and irradiated solution is placed in the other section such that the potential difference across the two sections of the cell is converted into a total radiation dose reading of the irradiated solution.

Abstract: A logarithmic ratemeter has a plurality of bistable devices each having two inputs the first of which is connected to a common input line for receiving voltage pulses from a detector of atomic particles and the second of which is connected to a secondary pulse train. The secondary pulse trains for the bistable devices are all different but maintain a constant frequency relationship to one another. Each bistable device produces an output signal the level of which indicates whether the device is in its first or second state and means are provided for summing the average values of the outputs of the bistable devices so as to provide an output signal which is a logarithm of the pulse rate received at the common input.