Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and measuring radiation is disclosed. The apparatus includes a scintillator crystal and a photodetector optically coupled to the scintillator crystal as well as first and second analyzing means. The first analyzing means is coupled to an output of the photodetector for counting discrete electronic pulses generated by the photodetector. The second analyzing means operates simultaneous with the first analyzing means and is coupled to another output of the photodetector for integrating current generated by the photodetector. The method includes the steps of irradiating a scintillator with x-ray energy, detecting light emitted from the scintillator and converting the light into a flow of electrons, detecting and counting discrete pulses of the flow of electronics and simultaneously integrating electronic current corresponding to the flow of electrons.

Abstract: A press brake control system and apparatus including a vertical ram extension controller and back gauge system which together determine respectively the angle and location of successive sheet metal bends according to a stored operating sequence. The control system and apparatus is attached to an existing and unmodified press brake to which the press brake control system automatically adapts its control functions according to the mechanical parameters and conditions of the particular press brake. Futhermore, the press brake control system elements communicate according to a communication system having redundancy and error-checking features to be operable in hostile electrical and physical environments.

Abstract: Standardization is provided to control system gain of a penetrating radiation testing system by periodically inspecting a reference object in the same manner as the product samples so as to generate a stabilization signal which is compared to a reference signal. The difference, if any, between the stabilization signal and the reference signal is integrated and the integrated signal is used to correct the gain of the system.