Abstract: A self-synchronizing 720.degree.-clutch is disclosed which is installed between the partial crankshafts of Split Environmental Engines. These engines have the capacity effectively to reduce the total amount of exhaust gases, and extensively to reduce CO.sub.2 -emissions of motor vehicles. The presented clutch synchronizes and clutches together the partial crankshafts at intervals of two complete relative revolutions of the partial crankshafts, or at intervals of a multiple thereof and is suitable for all four-cycle engines.

Abstract: Crankshaft systems for split and multi-split environmental engines are disclosed which are comprised of partial crankshafts, split balance shafts, and selectively adapted self-synchronizing clutches, all which cooperate dynamically wtih each other such that the split and multi-split environmental engines have equal firing distances, a secured balancing of the free dynamical forces and free dynamical couples of the 1st order, and an acceptable balancing of the free dynamical forces and free dynamical couples of the 2d order, and smooth running of the partial engines operating singly and of the clutched-un complete engines. Said crankshaft systems having the objective, to reduce effectively the total amount of exhaust gases, and to reduce extensively CO.sub.2 emissions and the fuel consumption.

Abstract: Spacecraft having space shuttle capabilities and aircraft having supersonic and subsonic flight capabilities which utilize swinging horizontal tail halves to generally reduce the landing speeds and the required runway lengths, to enable landings of space shuttles or conventional airfields, and to improve the landing safety in favor of the crews, the passengers, and the airfield abutters.

Abstract: Aircraft having supersonic and subsonic flight capabilities which utilize variable geometry tail units and fixed front planes to generally improve airworthiness and safety of aircraft during takeoff and landing, and which additionally have a reduced air resistance during high-speed flight and thus save propulsion energy.