Abstract: The invention concerns, amongst others, a device (1) for specific illumination of at least one biological sample, the device (1) comprising a multitude of cavities (2), each cavity (2) representing an internal space (3) being capable of holding the biological sample. The internal spaces (3) are each partially surrounded by a wall element (4) comprising windows (5) for observing and/or illuminating the internal spaces (3). In order to protect the internal spaces (3) from the ingress of light, the wall element (4) comprises a light-proof material. Each window (5) comprises at least one switchable element (8) being of switchable color and/or light transmittance. By the switchable elements (8), light exposure of the biological sample in the internal space (3) of each cavity (2) can be controlled so that unintended light exposure can be effectively avoided when illumination of the sample does not occur and/or the device (1) is stored or transported.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for subjecting adherent cells to at least one electric field, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes 63, wherein at least three electrodes 63, 64 are provided, and wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are active electrodes 63 when the voltage is applied in order to generate a first electric field, and in which at least one second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two previously active electrodes 63 is a potential-free electrode 64 when the voltage is applied. Also disclosed is a device 58 comprising at least three electrodes 63, 64, which are connected to at least one voltage source by means of at least one switching device 59, 60, 61, 62, wherein at least five electrodes 63, 64 are connected to the at least one voltage source by means of four switching devices 59, 60, 61, 62, wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are connected to the voltage source by means of a common switching device 59, 60, 61, 62.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for subjecting adherent cells to at least one electric field, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes 63, wherein at least three electrodes 63, 64 are provided, and wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are active electrodes 63 when the voltage is applied in order to generate a first electric field, and in which at least one second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two previously active electrodes 63 is a potential-free electrode 64 when the voltage is applied. Also disclosed is a device 58 comprising at least three electrodes 63, 64, which are connected to at least one voltage source by means of at least one switching device 59, 60, 61, 62, wherein at least five electrodes 63, 64 are connected to the at least one voltage source by means of four switching devices 59, 60, 61, 62, wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are connected to the voltage source by means of a common switching device 59, 60, 61, 62.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for subjecting adherent cells to at least one electric field, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes 63, wherein at least three electrodes 63, 64 are provided, and wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are active electrodes 63 when the voltage is applied in order to generate a first electric field, and in which at least one second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two previously active electrodes 63 is a potential-free electrode 64 when the voltage is applied. Also disclosed is a device 58 comprising at least three electrodes 63, 64, which are connected to at least one voltage source by means of at least one switching device 59, 60, 61, 62, wherein at least five electrodes 63, 64 are connected to the at least one voltage source by means of four switching devices 59, 60, 61, 62, wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are connected to the voltage source by means of a common switching device 59, 60, 61, 62.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for subjecting adherent cells to at least one electric field, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes 63, wherein at least three electrodes 63, 64 are provided, and wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are active electrodes 63 when the voltage is applied in order to generate a first electric field, and in which at least one second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two previously active electrodes 63 is a potential-free electrode 64 when the voltage is applied.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode assembly 20, in particular for applying at least one electric field to adherent cells, comprising at least two electrodes 21, each having at least one surface 32 which is arranged opposite the corresponding surface 32 of the other electrode 21, wherein an electrically insulating material 26 is arranged at least partially between the surfaces 32 of the electrodes 21. The solution according to the invention allows the electric field to be concentrated in the region of the cells to be treated such that a voltage pulse, or the current produced thereby, flows through the cells without the majority flowing away over the cells unused in the electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the application of at least one voltage pulse to at least two containers fitted with electrodes, by means of which at least one voltage pulse is applied to at least one container, while at least one other container is subjected to a preparation or a post-processing. According to the invention the method comprises mutual exchange of the respective positions of the container to which a voltage pulse has already been applied and the further container. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device (1) for making electrical contact with at least one container fitted with electrodes, with at least one receptacle (3, 7) upon which at least one container can be set, and with at least one contact appliance (8) for making contact with the electrodes of the container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying at least one electrical voltage pulse to at least one reaction space by at least partially discharging at least one charge storing unit for storing electrical charges. According to the invention the method comprises applying at least one voltage pulse to a reaction space by at least partially discharging a second charge storing unit and simultaneously charging or partially discharging a first charge storing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device 1 for applying at least one electrical voltage pulse to at least one reaction space, comprising at least two charge storing units (10, 11) for storing electrical charges and at least one power supply unit (12) for charging the charge storing units (10, 11) and/or at least one discharge device for partially discharging the charge storing units (10, 11). According to the invention it is provided that at least two of the charge storing units (10, 11) form a common storage module which can be discharged at any time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a container (1) with at least three reaction spaces (2) which in each case have at least one electrode pair for applying an electric voltage for generating an electric field within the reaction space (2) and which are arranged geometrically in at least one row and/or electrically connected in at least one row, wherein at least one electrode (3, 4) of a reaction space (2) is a common electrode (3, 4) with at least one other reaction space (2). According to the invention n+x electrodes (3, 4, 5) are provided, wherein n is the number of reaction spaces (2), with n?3 and x is the number of rows, with x?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating at least one electrically contactable area on a polymer which is doped with a conductive substance, wherein a contact material is applied onto the polymer, which has a lower specific resistance at 23° C. than the polymer. According to the invention the contact material is applied onto the polymer so tightly that close contact between the contact material and the conductive substance is achieved. Due to the tight application of the contact material, which has a lower specific resistance than the polymer, the input resistance of the doped polymer is effectively reduced. The invention further concerns a formed body made of a polymer which is doped with a conductive substance, which has at least one contactable area, within which a contact material is applied onto the polymer, which has a lower specific resistance at 23° C. than the polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode assembly 20, in particular for applying at least one electric field to adherent cells, comprising at least two electrodes 21, each having at least one surface 32 which is arranged opposite the corresponding surface 32 of the other electrode 21, wherein an electrically insulating material 26 is arranged at least partially between the surfaces 32 of the electrodes 21. The solution according to the invention allows the electric field to be concentrated in the region of the cells to be treated such that a voltage pulse, or the current produced thereby, flows through the cells without the majority flowing away over the cells unused in the electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for subjecting adherent cells to at least one electric field, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes 63, wherein at least three electrodes 63, 64 are provided, and wherein at least two electrodes 63, 64 are active electrodes 63 when the voltage is applied in order to generate a first electric field, and in which at least one second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two previously active electrodes 63 is a potential-free electrode 64 when the voltage is applied.

Abstract: A method for introducing biologically active molecules into animal or human cells using an electric current includes suspending the cells and dissolving the biologically active molecules in a buffer solution including HEPES and at least 10 mmol×1?1 magnesium ions (Mg2+), the buffer solution having a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol×1?1 ×pH?1 at a change in the pH from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C., and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol×1?1. An electric voltage is applied to the suspension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel circuit arrangement for electrotransfection or electrofusion, which enables the transportation of DNA and/or other biologically active molecules to the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells or the fusion of cells, independent of cell division and with reduced cell mortality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a container (1) with at least three reaction spaces (2) which in each case have at least one electrode pair for applying an electric voltage for generating an electric field within the reaction space (2) and which are arranged geometrically in at least one row and/or electrically connected in at least one row, wherein at least one electrode (3, 4) of a reaction space (2) is a common electrode (3, 4) with at least one other reaction space (2). According to the invention n+x electrodes (3, 4, 5) are provided, wherein n is the number of reaction spaces (2), with n?3 and x is the number of rows, with x?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying at least one electrical voltage pulse to at least one reaction space by at least partially discharging at least one charge storing unit for storing electrical charges. According to the invention the method comprises applying at least one voltage pulse to a reaction space by at least partially discharging a second charge storing unit and simultaneously charging or partially discharging a first charge storing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device 1 for applying at least one electrical voltage pulse to at least one reaction space, comprising at least two charge storing units (10, 11) for storing electrical charges and at least one power supply unit (12) for charging the charge storing units (10, 11) and/or at least one discharge device for partially discharging the charge storing units (10, 11). According to the invention it is provided that at least two of the charge storing units (10, 11) form a common storage module which can be discharged at any time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the application of at least one voltage pulse to at least two containers fitted with electrodes, by means of which at least one voltage pulse is applied to at least one container, while at least one other container is subjected to a preparation or a post-processing. According to the invention the method comprises mutual exchange of the respective positions of the container to which a voltage pulse has already been applied and the further container. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device (1) for making electrical contact with at least one container fitted with electrodes, with at least one receptacle (3, 7) upon which at least one container can be set, and with at least one contact appliance (8) for making contact with the electrodes of the container.

Abstract: The invention concerns a container 1 with chambers 2 which each comprise at least one pair of electrodes including a first 4 and a second electrode 5 for the application of electric voltage for generating an electric field within one chamber 2. At least two first electrodes 4 of different chambers 3 are conductively coupled and at least one second electrode 5 of said chamber 2 is separately conductively connectable. The invention further concerns a method for manufacturing said container 1 as well as a device for electrically contacting at least one of said containers 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit arrangement comprising at least one storage device for electrical charges to generate at least one voltage pulse by selectively discharging the storage device, and at least one control unit for controlling the discharge. A controller for monitoring the chronological progression of the voltage pulse is provided which controls at least one continuation of discharge after termination. Biomaterial is treated by using at least one electrical field generated by a first voltage pulse which is terminated once the value for an electrical parameter has exceeded or dropped below a preset limit. After the first voltage pulse has been terminated, it is continued by an additional voltage pulse.

Abstract: A buffer solution for suspending animal or human cells and for dissolving biologically active molecules in order to introduce the biologically active molecules into the cells using electric current. The buffer solution includes at least one of sodium succinate, mannitol and sodium lactobionate. The buffer solution has a buffer capacity of at least 20 mmol*l?1*pH?1 at a change in the from pH 7 to pH 8 and at a temperature of 25° C., and an ionic strength of at least 200 mmol * l?1.