Abstract: A collapsible ladder for use as an emergency escapeway is described which has two side members between which rungs extend. The side members are each composed of a plurality of sections, which are pivoted to each other at overlapping ends. In one embodiment, the rungs extend between alternate pairs of the sections, while the intermediate sections are provided with fender spars which fold parallel with the section, and swing into position to space the ladder away from a wall, when the ladder is unfolded. The sections are held in place relative each other on unfolding of the ladder by a pin on one section received in an arcuate slot partially surrounding the pivot of the next section. In a modified embodiment each section has at each end adjacent the pivot a stud and a recess, which engage complimentary recesses and studs on the adjacent sections.

Abstract: In an apparatus comprising a non-circular rotary mandrel on which a strip of paper or a similar sheet material is wound to form a multilayer tubular article, the material entering the mandrel is subjected to pressure thereagainst by means of a roller unit including at least two pairs of rollers. Both pairs of rollers are independently and pivotably suspended in a common carrier so that all of the rollers may continuously and independently apply a surface pressure to the material being wound onto the mandrel.