Abstract: This invention relates to a new method for the post melting treatment of molten steel in all, or nearly all, of the post melting systems in use at this time to lower the oxygen, hydrogen, and, to some extent, the nitrogen content thereof, and carry out the other purposes for which such systems are used including temperature and chemical homogenization continuous casting, piggy backing and other post melting treatment systems in use at this time in a manner which is less capital intensive, easier to operate and simpler in construction and operation than any of the basic systems, and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating molten metal to lower the oxygen, hydrogen, and, to some extent, the nitrogen content thereof in a manner which is less capital intensive, easier to operate and simpler in construction and operation than the vacuum arc degassing system.

Abstract: A ladle steelmaking process in which ramp modulation of vacuum boil, voltage shedding to avoid glow and multiple stirring sources are employed individually, or in any combination, with the basic vacuum are degassing parameters (vacuum, purging and AC area) to shorten cycle time, and apparatus therefore.