Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the selective recovery of catalysts used in the production of adipic acid by(a) separating adipic acid from the reaction solution,(b) exposing the resultant reaction solution to a sulfonated ion exchanger, thereby binding iron, copper, and vanadium ions to said sulfonated ion exchanger,(c) separating the ion-exchanger from the reaction solution,(d) washing the separated ion exchanger with nitric acid to obtain an acid eluate, and(e) exposing the acid eluate to an ion exchanger modified with aminophosphonic acid groups, thereby removing the iron ions from the acid eluate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining adipic acid from the aqueous nitric acid mother liquors that arise during industrial adipic acid production by(i) removing nitric acid from the aqueous mother liquor by evaporation to a concentrate having a residual content of at most about 2.5 wt. % of HNO.sub.3,(ii) mixing the concentrate obtained according to step (i) with water or dilute aqueous nitric acid in a quantity corresponding to a weight ratio of solid to liquid of about 1:2.1 to about 1:1.2,(iii) allowing the water added in step (ii) or the nitric acid added in step (ii) to act upon the concentrate for at least about 10 minutes at about 20.degree. to about 80.degree. C., and(iv) separating adipic acid as crystals that are formed (1) during step (iii) at temperatures of no more than about 35.degree. C. or (2) after step (iii) by cooling the mixture from step (iii) to about 10.degree. to about 35.degree. C.

Abstract: Fungicidally and bactericidally active novel acylated saccharins of the formula ##STR1## in which X is oxygen or sulphur andR is --CO--R.sup.1 or --SO.sub.2 --OR.sup.2,R.sup.1 is alkyl, halogenalkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkoxy or alkylthio, or is optionally substituted aryl, aryloxy or arylthio, cycloalkoxy or --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4,R.sup.2 is alkyl or phenyl,R.sup.3 is alkyl, andR.sup.4 is alkyl, phenyl, halogenoalkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl or phenoxycarbonyl, or--NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 is a saccharin radical.

Abstract: A method of combating fungi and bacteria which comprises applying to such fungi, bacteria or a habitat thereof, a fungicidally or bactericidally effective amount of at least one salt of 3-keto-2-, 3H-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or alkyl which has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and is optionally monosubstituted to trisubstituted by hydroxyl and/or monosubstituted to trisubstituted by amino, or represents carboxyl-substituted alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl which is optionally monosubstituted to trisubstituted by identical or different substituents from amongst nitro and chlorine, or represents cycloalkyl having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, or represents heterocyclic structures which are optionally saturated or unsaturated, are optionally monosubstituted to tetrasubstituted by alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydroxyl, and have 1 to 3 identical or different heteroatoms, and a total of 5 or 6 ring members,R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 3-hydrazino-1, 2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, amino, hydroxyl or carboxyl, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl,comprising reacting a 3-keto-2H,3H-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide of the formula ##STR2## with a hydrazine of the formula ##STR3## in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:50, in an inert solvent, at a temperature between 75.degree. C. and 200.degree. C. and for a reaction time of 15 to 40 hours. The products, some of which are known, are fungicidally active and can also be used as intermediates.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hydrogen,R.sup.2 is --CO--R.sup.3,R.sup.3 is alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl, or is phenyl which is optionally substituted, or is alkoxy or benzyl, or is phenoxy which is optionally substituted, or is phenoxymethyl, alkylamino, cycloalkylamino or phenylamino, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a ##STR2## group, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkenyl or phenylalkenyl, or is phenyl which is optionally substituted by alkyl, halogen and/or alkoxy, or is furyl, orR.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together are alkylene having 4 to 6 carbon atoms,are fungicidally active. Those compounds wherein R.sup.3 is alkylamino, cycloalkylamino or phenylamino, with the exception of the compound in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen and R.sup.6 is phenylamino, are new.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new polyamines corresponding to the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group andR.sup.2 represents hydrogen or an alkyl group.The present invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of these amines by hydrogenating the corresponding trinitriles.

Abstract: Liquid dianhydrohexitol mixtures are prepared from diacylation products of hexitols and compounds such as organic carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid halides, ketene and carbonic acid ester derivatives. More specifically, such diacylation products are simultaneously dehydrated and isomerized by subjecting them to a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. in the presence of a strong acid to yield diacylated dianhydro-hexitol isomer mixtures. These isomer mixtures are then converted to dianhydro-hexitol isomer mixtures by hydrolysis or transesterification. Suitable strong acids include proton acids, Lewis acids and heterogeneous acid catalysts (e.g., ion exchange resins). The mixtures of the present invention are characterized by a minimal tendency towards crystallization. These mixtures are particularly useful as chain extending agents in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Insecticidally active novel substituted malonic acid diamide insecticides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents aryl or heteroaryl, each of which can optionally be substituted,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or trialkylsilyl, and represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, aralkyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulphenyl, arylsulphenyl, alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, alkylaminosulphonyl, dialkylaminosulphonyl, arylaminosulphonyl or arylalkylaminosulphonyl, each of which can optionally be substituted, and represents radicals of the formula--CO--NR.sup.5 R.sup.6whereinR.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulphonyl or arylsulphonyl, it being possible for these radicals to be optionally substituted,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or the radical R.sup.4,R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol containing one or more 1,4-monoanhydrohexitols and/or one or more 1,4-3,6-dianhydrohexitols and its use for the production of composite films by coextrusion, coating, doubling and lamination.

Abstract: Liquid dianhydrohexitol mixtures are prepared from diacylation products of hexitols and compounds such as organic carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid halides, ketene and carbonic acid ester derivatives. More specifically, such diacylation products are simultaneously dehydrated and isomerized by subjecting them to a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. in the presence of a strong acid to yield diacylated dianhydrohexitol isomer mixtures. These isomer mixtures are then converted to dianhydrohexitol isomer mixtures by hydrolysis or transesterification. Suitable strong acids include proton acids, Lewis acids and heterogeneous acid catalysts (e.g., ion exchange resins). The mixtures of the present invention are characterized by a minimal tendency towards crystallization. These mixtures are particularly useful as chain extending agents in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: In the enamelling of metal by applying a ground coat containing an additive, subsequently applying a cover coat, and baking the structure, the improvement which comprises employing as the additive a complexing agent having a solubility in water at 25.degree. C. and at a pH-value of from 4 to 9 of greater than about 0.05 g/l, with the exception of saccharides and their oxidation, reduction and modification products and polyethylene glycol containing up to 50 carbon atoms per molecule.

Abstract: Polyurethane elastomers are made by reacting organic polyisocyanates with compounds having at least two groups containing isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 and a 1,4-monoanhydro-tetritol in accordance with techniques known to those in the art. Known chain-lengthening agents, auxiliaries and additives may be included in the reaction mixture. The reaction mixtures employed in the process of the present invention have a longer pot life than prior art reaction mixtures. The elastomers produced by this process are shrink stable.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-hexitols from hexitols by elimination of water is described, characterized in that gaseous hydrogen halide is used as the acid dehydrating agent optionally with carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid halides and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides in quantities of up to 600 mol percent, based on the hexitols, as cocatalysts. The reaction is carried out in the absence of water and organic solvents, preferably using gaseous hydrogen chloride, temperatures of up to 300.degree. C. and pressures of up to 250 bar. Very high yields are obtained after working up of the product by distillation or extraction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of homogeneous and cellular polyurethane plastics by the reaction of(a) organic polyisocyanates;(b) compounds containing at least 2 Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms and having molecular weights of from 400 to 10,000;(c) chain extenders, and, optionally, additional(d) short-chained compounds containing at least 2 Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms and having a molar mass of from 32 to 400, as well as, optionally,(e) catalysts, blowing agents and other known additives,is described, which is characterized in that 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-hexites, preferably 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbitol and/or 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol, optionally mixed with lower molecular weight compounds, preferably with polyols having a molecular weight of from 62 to 400, particularly preferably butane diol-1,4 are used as the chain extenders. The new chain extenders produce high quality elastomers and foams.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of homogeneous and cellular polyurethane plastics by the reaction of(a) organic polyisocyanates;(b) compounds containing at least 2 Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms and having molecular weights of from 400 to 10,000;(c) chain extenders, and, optionally, additional(d) short-chained compounds containing at least 2 Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms and having a molar mass of from 32 to 400, as well as, optionally,(e) catalysts, blowing agents and other known additives,is described, which is characterized in that 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-hexites, preferably 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbitol and/or 1,4-3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol, optionally mixed with lower molecular weight compounds, preferably with polyols having a molecular weight of from 62 to 400, particularly preferably butane diol-1,4 are used as the chain extenders. The new chain extenders produce high quality elastomers and foams.