Abstract: A core barrel for a reactor pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor plant has a carrying structure that is supported on an inner surface of the shroud of the barrel. The carrying structure receives a tension rod that extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the barrel and braces the shroud in the axial direction.

Abstract: When at least one drive wheel is showing a tendency to spin, at least the torque of the drive unit of the vehicle is influenced so as to reduce the tendency to spin. The tendency to spin is recognized when the slip of at least one of the drive wheels exceeds a predetermined desired value, where this desired value is adjustable as a function of at least one operating variable. This minimum of one operating variable is associated with the drive power called for by the driver, and is based on at least one of gas pedal position and engine rpm. The desired slip is increased in the range of higher power demands to improve the traction.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for inspecting an outer jacket of a core containment in the vicinity of a heat shield surrounding the core containment, include an annular rail to be fixed to the core containment. A carriage is disposed on the annular rail for circumferential movement. A mast is supported on the carriage for axial displacement. A vertical carriage is movable along the mast in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the mast. An outrigger is disposed on the vertical carriage. An inspection device is carried by the free end of the outrigger for movement into a region between the outer jacket and the heat shield.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for inspecting an outer jacket of a core containment in the region of a heat shield surrounding the core containment, include a plate mounted rotatably on a bottom of a storage basin. The core containment is deposited on the bottom. A mast is deposited on the bottom next to the core containment. A vertical carriage is disposed on the mast for movement in the longitudinal direction of the mast. An outrigger which is disposed on the vertical carriage can be introduced into a region between the outer jacket of the core containment and a heat shield and has a free end which carries an inspection device.

Abstract: Core shrouds are conventionally welded together from cylindrical parts and annular flanges, wherein cracks have recently occurred in the region of weld seams in reactors of the boiling-water type. A core shroud, in particular for cladding a reactor core in a boiling-water nuclear reactor and a method for repairing a core shroud, include recesses disposed transversely relative to the circumferentially extending weld seams. The recesses have a middle part which passes through a region that is thermally influenced during welding as well as transverse grooves or widenings located in front of ends of the middle part and lying outside the thermally influenced region. A clamp which is fitted into the recess is disposed approximately flush with a shroud surface and is wedged in one of the transverse grooves.

Abstract: A system for controlling a positioning unit in a motor vehicle includes various control units that influence the positioning unit coupled thereto. A drive slip control and an automatic transmission control both supply a control signal. Yet another control signal is dependent upon a driver request signal. For a period of time, the control signal from the automatic transmission control takes precedence over the other control signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting and inverting core frame parts of a nuclear reactor includes a cross beam. A horizontal shaft is supported on the cross beam. A flexion and torsion-resistant basket is disposed below the cross beam for receiving a core frame part. A bearing pivotably supports the basket on the horizontal shaft. Pulleys are attached to opposite sides of the basket at right angles relative to the shaft. Positioning drives are seated at the cross beam and deflection rollers are adjustably attached to the positioning drives. Flexible tension members each lead from a respective one of the pulleys to a respective one of the positioning drives and to a respective one of the deflection rollers. The tension members are prestressed relative to the bearing for the basket.

Abstract: The brake system having an electrically controllable brake apparatus of a trailer, the brake apparatus includes a control unit which is connected via electrical lines to an electrical energy source of a tractor. In braking, electrical currents are brought about of such a magnitude as to cause severe voltage drops in long lines that the functional safety of the brake apparatus may be threatened. The brake apparatus therefore has an electrical energy storage device disposed on the trailer, which can be charged by an energy source of the tractor and can be discharged upon triggering of the brake apparatus of the trailer. Voltage drops in the relatively short lines between the energy storage device and the control unit are therefore minimum. The lines between the electrical energy source of the tractor and the energy storage device of the trailer are charged by only low charging currents. The voltage drop is therefore low despite the long line length.

Abstract: A drive slip regulating system is described, in which the speeds of the drive wheels are compared with one another and as a function of the deviation .DELTA. v a set-point brake pressure is calculated, with which the excessively spinning wheel is to be braked. In the pulsed furnishing of the brake pressure, the valve opening times are calculated, taking the pressure buildup function into account, in such a way that the actual brake pressure corresponds to the set-point brake pressure.

Abstract: A device for the preparation of a gas mixture includes a closed circuit. Mixture components of a gas mixture are fed with greatly differing partial pressures ranging from low to highest partial pressures to the closed circuit. The gas mixture is circulated in the closed circuit. At least one of the mixture components with low partial pressure is replenished at increasingly shorter intervals. The gas mixture is completely exchanged when a given minimal length of the intervals is reached. At least one branch parallel to a section of the closed circuit conducts the gas mixture substantially completely free of flow losses.

Abstract: Control of a microcomputer performing a wide variety of functions in a motor vehicle in which the sequences of input and output signals intersect in time, instead of being performed by an elaborate input/output unit, is performed in the microcomputer itself with the help of a timing signal generator operating at a sub-multiple of the microcomputer clock frequency and producing a sequence of timing signals, each of which serve as an interrupt signal to the microprocessor of the microcomputer to initiate an interrupt program for scanning inputs and preparing outputs. After this short interrupt program, the main program is resumed. In the interrupt program each of a number of registers, respectively serving separate inputs or outputs, are decremented or incremented, having been set at particular values at the beginning of each interrupt program. Some registers are set at two different values in alternation in succeeding interrupt intervals.

Abstract: A failsafing device is proposed for an anti-skid system of a tractor-trailer combination. If the trailer anti-skid system fails at the rear axle, instead of shutting off the entire anti-skid system of the trailer, the anti-skid control at the front axle of the trailer is maintained.

Abstract: An apparatus for propelling a continuous gas mixture stream of an inert carrier gas and an aggressive doping gas, includes an electric motor having a motor housing filled with pure carrier gas and a shaft with a shaft extension, a radial blower having an impeller mounted directly on the shaft extension and a blower housing filled with the gas mixture and coupled to the motor housing, a gas ring of pure carrier gas being continuously fed and maintained in a ring space for sealing the blower housing against the motor housing in an operating state, and a hollow sealing ring being inflated with compressed gas for sealing the blower housing from the motor housing when the blower is stopped.

Abstract: A versatile system for preventing spinning of driving wheels, especially for commercial road vehicles, is provided by a braking control system in which a logic system responds not only to positive slip (overdriving) of each driven wheel, but also to negative slip (overbraking) thereof and, likewise, not only to over-acceleration, but also to excessive deceleration of the driven wheels. The cycle of control is started by an over-acceleration signal and terminates by the timing-out of a control phase in which hydraulic brake pressure is reduced. Within a control cycle, brake pressure builds up for a driven wheel in response to the simultaneous occurrence of any one of the following four pairs of conditions at that wheel: (a) presence of over-acceleration and of negative slip; (b) presence of over-acceleration and of positive slip; (c) presence of over-acceleration and absence of negative slip, and (d) presence of over-deceleration and of positive slip.

Abstract: To recognize knocking conditions in signals derived from a knock sensor, which signals representative of knocking may be masked by background or noise signals, and to clearly distinguish the knocking signal from background or noise signals, the knocking signals are integrated with respect to measuring or strobing intervals during a predetermined angle of crankshaft rotation, digitized in an A/D converter (7) and then compared in a comparator (9) with the same signals which have been passed through a low-pass digital filter (8) to compare the integrated, digitized signal of a then occurring combustion process or event with similar signals of prior combustion processes or events to thereby recognize and distinguish knocking signal conditions from noise signal conditions; digital filtering and comparison as well as sequence timing can be carried out in a single microprocessor (FIGS.

Abstract: A knocking sensor (10) which provides output signals representative of combustion condition under knocking to thereby generate knocking signals which have mixed therewith noise or stray interference signals, and which also furnishes noise or stray interference signals under other than knocking combustion conditions, has its output connected to a plurality of parallel connected selective filters (2, 3). The filters have different pass band frequencies. One of the filters (3) is tuned to sense knocking frequencies, one or more other filters (2) being tuned to preferentially select noise or interference signals.

Abstract: To provide a signal representative of angular crankshaft position from an ignition distributor, independently of change of ignition timing, the ignition distributor includes a further or additional rotating transducer system (8, 9, 10, 11), for example a rotating disk (8) positively coupled to the shaft (3) of the distributor. The disk (8) carries markers (10) which are picked up by an optic, magnetic (Hall generator) or inductive pick-up (9). To provide a reference marker output, for example a reference, e.g. TDC position of a reference piston, the rotating disk (8) can carry an additional reference marker (10a) picked up by a reference pick-up (9a) which can be similar to the other pick-ups used in the construction. The specific crankshaft position signals are especially suitable and desirable if the engine is coupled to an engine knock sensing and knock prevention system (KS).

Abstract: A knocking sensor provides output signals which are compared in a comparator (14) with a reference (16), knocking signals (FIG. 3: U17) exceeding the reference (U16); during predetermined cyclically recurring test intervals (FIG. 2: 19), for example after each 1000 ignition events, a test signal is generated at a terminal (15) of a microprocessor (12) and applied to the comparator (14) to lower the reference level (16), so that noise signals will cause a simulated, or pseudo knocking signal to be generated. Simultaneous occurrence of the simulated, or pseudo knocking signal and test signals indicates appropriate function of the knocking system; failure of the pseudo knocking signal to occur with the lowered reference generates control output from the microprocessor, for example by retarding ignition of an ignition system (13).

Abstract: An amplitude envelope signal is derived from the output of an engine-knock sensor. Either the peak value of the envelope signal or its steepest rate of rise initiates the operation of a delay circuit providing a signal after a delay that is dependent upon the magnitude of the peak value or rate of rise. The envelope signal is also compared with a reference signal responsive to or representing or simulating background noise levels, and a comparison signal is produced when the envelope signal exceeds the reference signal. Engine-knock recognition is determined by the coincidence of the comparison signal and the delayed signal, and may be subjected also to a measurement window criterion which limits the appearance of an engine-knock signal to a particular arc of crankshaft revolution.

Abstract: One or more temperature sensing elements, for example thermo couples (13, 14, 16, 17), NTC or PTC or resistance wires (18) or capillary fluid temperature sensor elements (20, 21) are located on or in the immediate vicinity of a portion of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, for example and preferably by being integrated within a head liner or facing (15, 15') of the cylinder head gasket or seal (10). The output signals, in electrical or hydraulic form are connected to an evaluation stage (E, E') which determines if the temperature within the cylinder, representative of knocking, has exceeded a predetermined level. Preferably, a speed signal (n) is derived from the engine so that the signals from the sensing elements can be strobed with respect to the time within the engine cycle during which ignition may or is intended to occur so that temperature variations due to normal engine operating strokes are eliminated from the systems output.