Abstract: The present invention relates to passive phased injection locked circuit and ring-based voltage controlled oscillators. A passive phased injection locked circuit comprises first and second transmission lines, each has a plurality of discrete elements, that are operative to delay the phase of AC signal. Between the first and second transmission lines, a capacitor network is formed to advance the phases of the AC signal in concert along the transmission lines. For the ring-based voltage controlled oscillators, each of the first and second transmission lines has an odd number of discrete elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to passive phased injection locked circuit and ring-based voltage controlled oscillators. passive phased injection locked circuit comprises first and second transmission lines, each has a plurality of discrete elements, that are operative to deley the phase of AC signal. Between the first and second transmission lines, a capacitor network is formed to advance the phases of the AC signal in concert along the transmission lines. For the ring-based voltage controlled oscillators, each of the first and second transmission lines has an odd number of discrete elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrical transformer for improved transformer power capacity and efficiency designed by the application of disclosed design considerations. One embodiment design consideration is a method to configure power transformer windings wherein the minimum distance of the primary windings from the winding axis/core center is greater (the primary windings are more distal) from the winding axis than the minimum distance of the secondary windings, which are wound around the minimum interior core diameter. This design consideration is extended from single bobbin transformer designs to split bobbin designs, with the requisite distal increase of the primary windings (from the core axis) geometrically provided by an enlarged core bobbin center leg (axial) dimension beneath the primary winding window.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrical transformer for improved transformer power capacity and efficiency designed by the application of disclosed design considerations. One embodiment design consideration is a method to configure power transformer windings wherein the minimum distance of the primary windings from the winding axis/core center is greater (the primary windings are more distal) from the winding axis than the minimum distance of the secondary windings, which are wound around the minimum interior core diameter. This design consideration is extended from single bobbin transformer designs to split bobbin designs, with the requisite distal increase of the primary windings (from the core axis) geometrically provided by an enlarged core bobbin center leg (axial) dimension beneath the primary winding window.

Abstract: Bacteria accumulations on the interior walls of a fluid conduit are detected by placing a bacterial target substrate in the conduit. The substrate is structured to allow bacteria to colonize it at at least the rate of accumulation expected on the conduit walls or at an accelerated rate in order to preempt normal bacteria accumulation on the walls. A bacteria getter may be used to accelerate bacterial colonization of the substrate. An excitation signal interrogating the substrate causes autofluorescence in the presence of bacteria, specifically from NADH and/or NADPH present. The autofluorescent emission is transmitted to a detector and processor. In one system when the presence of bacteria at a preset level is detected there is initiated a diversion of the fluid into an auxiliary subsystem during which the primary subsystem is remediated.

Abstract: An imaging method and apparatus are provided, including a light source emitting a polarized light beam, and an optical assembly including a control layer and/or a light reflection surface. The control layer advantageously allows for control over the properties of a generated evanescent wave to optimize an image of a specimen array within the evanescent wave. The light reflection surface includes coupling means used to couple a receptor/capture agent advantageously allowing for flexible control over receptor specific regions.

Abstract: Bacteria accumulations on the interior walls of a fluid conduit are detected by placing a bacterial target substrate in the conduit. The substrate is structured to allow bacteria to colonize it at at least the rate of accumulation expected on the conduit walls or at an accelerated rate in order to preempt normal bacteria accumulation on the walls. A bacteria getter may be used to accelerate bacterial colonization of the substrate. An excitation signal interrogating the substrate causes autofluorescence in the presence of bacteria, specifically from NADH and/or NADPH present. The autofluorescent emission is transmitted to a detector and processor. In one system when the presence of bacteria at a preset level is detected there is initiated a diversion of the fluid into an auxiliary subsystem during which the primary subsystem is remediated.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for scanning of a microarray to provide an image of the microarray are disclosed. Data related to change in polarization state of a scanning light beam for individual points or lines or other portion of the microarray are collected and processed to image the microarray at high resolution and speed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for scanning of a microarray to provide an image of the microarray are disclosed. Data related to change in polarization state of a scanning light beam for individual points or lines or other portion of the microarray are collected and processed to image the microarray at high resolution and speed.

Abstract: An imaging method and apparatus are provided, including a light source emitting a polarized light beam, and an optical assembly including a control layer and/or a light reflection surface. The control layer advantageously allows for control over the properties of a generated evanescent wave to optimize an image of a specimen array within the evanescent wave. The light reflection surface includes coupling means used to couple a receptor/capture agent advantageously allowing for flexible control over receptor specific regions.