Abstract: A clutch-release device for a friction clutch of a motor vehicle includes a guide tube and a sliding sleeve, which is free to shift position axially on the tube, the sleeve having a contact area for absorbing the actuating force of an actuating element. A clutch-release bearing is mounted on the sliding sleeve, the bearing having a nonrotatable first bearing ring, rolling elements, and a rotating second bearing ring, which is in working connection with an actuating element of the friction clutch. To increase the number of identical parts and thus to reduce costs, the sliding sleeve has a multi-part design, thus representing an assembly having at least two parts.

Abstract: A clutch release device for the friction clutch of a motor vehicle includes a sliding sleeve which can shift position axially on a guide tube, and a roller bearing positioned on the sliding sleeve. The roller bearing includes a first bearing ring, which can rotate with a clutch release element, a second bearing ring, which is fixed against rotation relative to the sliding sleeve, and a plurality of rolling elements which roll on races in the bearing rings. In the event of bearing failure, first and second axial stops engage to prevent relative axial displacement of the bearing rings by more than a predetermined amount. The first axial stop is fixed with respect to the first bearing ring, and the second axial stop is axially fixed with respect to the sliding sleeve.

Abstract: A roller bearing includes a radially outer bearing ring and a radially inner bearing ring. A ring-shaped holding space is formed between the bearing rings where a sealing element is mounted. The sealing element has a fastening section which is fixed to the outer bearing ring, and a lip section with two sealing lips which rest against and slide on the inner bearing ring to establish a sealing connection between the lip section and the inner bearing ring.

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from one to four carbon atoms by gas-phase oxidation, includes reacting 2-butanone with oxygen over a coated catalyst which is an inert nonporous support body and a catalytically active mixed oxide composition comprising (a) one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide and aluminum oxide, and (b) from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the component (a) and per m2/g of specific surface area of the component (a), of vanadium pentoxide, applied to the external surface of the support body.

Abstract: A release mechanism for actuating a friction clutch is concentric to a center axis of a guide sleeve mounted in turn on a transmission shaft. The release mechanism includes a clutch release bearing and a device for compensating for the tilt of the center axis of the friction clutch with respect to the center axis of the guide sleeve and/or for the wobbling eccentricity of the release spring. The clutch release bearing includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and an adjusting sleeve. One of the inner ring or outer ring communicates with a release spring of the friction clutch. The device for compensating for the tilt of the center axis of the friction clutch with respect to the center axis of the guide sleeve and/or for the wobbling eccentricity of the release spring includes a release ring and a load ring. The release ring is in contact with a finger of the release spring of the friction clutch and includes a spherical surface having a center on the axis of the transmission shaft.

Abstract: An actuation device for a shiftable clutch includes a pressure supply for providing a pressure of a pressure medium for actuating the clutch, and a first and a second workspace independently in communication with the pressure supply for receiving the pressure. A first piston surface is disposed in the first workspace and is operably displaceable in a first direction responsive to the pressure. A second piston surface is disposed in the second workspace and is operably displaceable in a second direction responsive to the pressure. The second direction is oriented opposite to the first direction. One of the first or second piston surfaces is responsive to an application of the pressure in the respective workspace displacing in the respective first or second direction to exert the actuation force.

Abstract: A friction clutch, particularly for a motor vehicle, including a clutch disk which can be coupled in frictional engagement with the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and which is connected by a hub to a transmission input shaft so as to be fixed with respect to rotation relative to it and can revolve with the latter around a common axis of rotation. The clutch further includes an actuation system for engaging or disengaging the frictional engagement of the clutch disk which is arranged concentric to the transmission input shaft, and a transmission brake for reducing the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft during determined shifting processes of the transmission. The transmission brake can be controlled independent from the actuation system of the friction clutch, and all component parts of the transmission brake are integrated in the actuation system of the friction clutch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating and purifying an aqueous mixture that mainly consists of acetic acid, formic acid and high-boiling substances by extraction with a solvent in a cyclic process. The inventive method is characterized in that the flow of raffinate is fed to a solvent stripping column (11) with the major part of the water in order to remove the water from the cycle. The flow of extract is fed to a solvent recovery distillation column (8). In a first step, a mixture (A) that consists of water and solvent, is separated by overhead distillation. A mixture (B) that consists of acetic acid, formic acid and high-boiling substances is separated via a sump. Once the formic acid is removed in a column (29), mixture (B) is separated in an acetic acid distillation column to give pure acetic acid and high-boiling substances.

Abstract: A method for the separation and purification of an aqueous mixture of main components, namely acetic acid and formic acid and non-volatiles by extraction, uses a solvent in a circulatory system. A raffinate stream is mixed with the larger proportion of water from a solvent stripper column (11) for the removal of water. The extraction stream is introduced into a solvent distillation column (8), from which in a first step involving the use of a mixture (A) containing a larger proportion of the solvent is separated out via a header and a mixture (B) of formic acid, water and solvent is separated out via a side offtake and a mixture (C) of acetic acid and non-volatiles is also separated out. A mixture (B) is introduced into a formic acid distillation column (4) for further processing, and a mixture (C) is introduced into an acetic acid distillation column (5), and purified acetic acid is subsequently isolated in the acetic acid distillation column (5) from the header.

Abstract: A release mechanism for actuating a friction clutch is concentric to a center axis of a guide sleeve mounted in turn on a transmission shaft. The release mechanism includes a clutch release bearing and a device for compensating for the tilt of the center axis of the friction clutch with respect to the center axis of the guide sleeve and/or for the wobbling eccentricity of the release spring. The clutch release bearing includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and an adjusting sleeve. One of the inner ring or outer ring communicates with a release spring of the friction clutch. The device for compensating for the tilt of the center axis of the friction clutch with respect to the center axis of the guide sleeve and/or for the wobbling eccentricity of the release spring includes a release ring and a load ring. The release ring is in contact with a finger of the release spring of the friction clutch and includes a spherical surface having a center on the axis of the transmission shaft.

Abstract: An actuation device for a shiftable clutch includes a pressure supply for providing a pressure of a pressure medium for actuating the clutch, and a first and a second workspace independently in communication with the pressure supply for receiving the pressure. A first piston surface is disposed in the first workspace and is operably displaceable in a first direction responsive to the pressure. A second piston surface is disposed in the second workspace and is operably displaceable in a second direction responsive to the pressure. The second direction is oriented opposite to the first direction. One of the first or second piston surfaces is responsive to an application of the pressure in the respective workspace displacing in the respective first or second direction to exert the actuation force.

Abstract: A release system for a clutch assembly comprises a release slide, which is or can be connected to a stored-energy element of the clutch assembly to execute release movements, and at least one brake element, which can move along with the release slide during the execution of release movements. This brake element can be brought into braking interaction with an opposing brake element which is or can be connected in an essentially nonrotatable manner to a clutch output shaft, where the release slide and the minimum of one brake element form a piston/cylinder unit with at least one fluid chamber. Pressure fluid is introduced into the minimum of one fluid chamber to produce a force which preloads or moves the minimum of one brake element relative to the release slide.

Abstract: A friction clutch, particularly for a motor vehicle, including a clutch disk which can be coupled in frictional engagement with the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and which is connected by a hub to a transmission input shaft so as to be fixed with respect to rotation relative to it and can revolve with the latter around a common axis of rotation. The clutch further includes an actuation system for engaging or disengaging the frictional engagement of the clutch disk which is arranged concentric to the transmission input shaft, and a transmission brake for reducing the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft during determined shifting processes of the transmission. The transmission brake can be controlled independent from the actuation system of the friction clutch, and all component parts of the transmission brake are integrated in the actuation system of the friction clutch.

Abstract: A release slide is or can be connected to a stored-energy element of the clutch assembly for executing a release movement, and at least one brake element can move along with the release slide during the execution of a release movement, which brake element can be brought into braking interaction with a counter-braking element, which is or can be connected in essentially nonrotatable fashion to a clutch output shaft, where the minimum of one brake element can shift position relative to the release slide at least to compensate for the wear which occurs in the area of the clutch assembly. A latching arrangement includes a set of latching teeth on either the release slide or on the brake element, and a latching element on the other of the brake element and the release slide.

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from one to four carbon atoms by gas-phase oxidation, includes reacting 2-butanone with oxygen over a coated catalyst which is an inert nonporous support body and a catalytically active mixed oxide composition comprising (a) one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide and aluminum oxide, and (b) from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the component (a) and per m2/g of specific surface area of the component (a), of vanadium pentoxide, applied to the external surface of the support body.

Abstract: The actuation device includes a pressure medium force cylinder arrangement by means of which the friction clutch can be actuated via a release member. A measuring member of a measuring arrangement detecting an actual release is in tractive force driving engagement with an associated mating member whose position represents the actual release along a measurement path, which engagement is essentially free from play.

Abstract: A release system for a clutch assembly comprises a release slide, which is or can be connected to a stored-energy element of the clutch assembly to execute release movements, and at least one brake element, which can move along with the release slide during the execution of release movements. This brake element can be brought into braking interaction with an opposing brake element which is or can be connected in an essentially nonrotatable manner to a clutch output shaft, where the release slide and the minimum of one brake element form a piston/cylinder unit with at least one fluid chamber. Pressure fluid is introduced into the minimum of one fluid chamber to produce a force which preloads or moves the minimum of one brake element relative to the release slide.

Abstract: A release slide is or can be connected to a stored-energy element of the clutch assembly for executing a release movement, and at least one brake element can move along with the release slide during the execution of a release movement, which brake element can be brought into braking interaction with a counter-braking element, which is or can be connected in essentially nonrotatable fashion to a clutch output shaft, where the minimum of one brake element can shift position relative to the release slide at least to compensate for the wear which occurs in the area of the clutch assembly. A latching arrangement includes a set of latching teeth on either the release slide or on the brake element, and a latching element on the other of the brake element and the release slide.

Abstract: The actuation device includes a pressure medium force cylinder arrangement by means of which the friction clutch can be actuated via a release member. A measuring member of a measuring arrangement detecting an actual release is in tractive force driving engagement with an associated mating member whose position represents the actual release along a measurement path, which engagement is essentially free from play.

Abstract: An operation device for a friction clutch arranged in the drive train of a motor vehicle. The operation device includes a positioning servo arrangement with a pneumatic power cylinder arrangement. The pneumatic power cylinder arrangement acts on a clutch release sleeve arrangement. The positioning servo arrangement can be operated with a control valve that is connected to a pneumatic source depending on a command variable representing a desired position and an actual variable representing the axial position of the clutch release sleeve arrangement. The pneumatic power cylinder arrangement is arranged inside of the bell-shaped housing and the control valve is arranged outside of the bell-shaped housing or the bell-shaped housing is arranged at least partially inside of the bell-shaped housing, but is accessible from the outside and/or can be removed when the bell-shaped housing is attached to the combustion engine.