Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for cross-linking a silane with the structure (IIa) for the preparation of a product, comprising component (III) twice, in triplicate or in a higher quantity, where the radicals B, R1, Ra, R?, X1 and the indices a and b are defined as above for structure (IIa) and can be identical or different in each case, or for the cross-linking of a condensate, a partial condensate, a polymer or a partial polymer comprising structural units with the structure (IIb) via the bond R1—, characterized in that a silane with the structure (IIa), or an isomer, a re-esterification product or a condensation product of said silane, which condensation product was formed by loss of an alcohol molecule, or a condensate, a partial condensate, a polymer, or a partial polymer comprising structural units of structure (IIb) is reacted with a compound having the structure (IV) Q-R5[-Q?]c,??(IV).

Abstract: The invention relates to agglomerate particles which are constructed from agglomerated nanoscale primary particles and also to a method for incorporation of these particles in a polymer matrix and to the use of these agglomerate particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) (XaRbSi)m[(B) ([O]oP[O]pR?cYd)n]4-a-b (I), where the groups, residues and indices have the following meanings: B=an at least doubly-valent straight chained or branched group with at least one organic polymerizable group and at least three carbon atoms, X=a group which may be cleaved from the silicon atom by hydrolysis, R=optionally substituted alkyl, alkanyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, R??R, Y?Cl, OH or OR?, R??H, alkyl or aryl, a=0, 1, 2 or 3, b=0, 1 or 2, a+b together=1, 2 or 3, c=0, 1 or 2, d=0, 1 or 2, c+d together=2, m=at least 1, with the proviso that m is not greater than 1 when a+b=1 or 2, n=at least 1, o=0 or 1 and p=0 or 1. The invention further relates to a series of methods by which the above compounds may be produced.

Abstract: A dental composite containing a nanoparticulate filler has a resin matrix with structural element (Ib) R is an open-chain and/or cyclic alkylene, arylene, or alkylene arylene with 1-10 C, optionally modified by oxygen, sulfur, carboxyl or amino, R1 is an open-chain and/or cyclic alkylene, arylene, or alkylene arylene with 1-10 C, optionally modified by oxygen, sulfur, carboxyl or amino; R? is an open-chain and/or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkyl aryl, or aryl alkyl with 1-20 C; B and B? are identical or different and are a straight-chain or branched organically polymerizable group with (meth)acrylate residue; R3 are identical or different and a bond to another Si or hydrogen, alkyl with 1-10 C, or a bond to another metal atom; a is 1 or 2 and b is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to silane of formula (Ia), wherein the radicals and indices have the following meaning: R is an alkylene, arylene or alkylenearylene group that can be interrupted by one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or carboxyl or amino groups or can carry said atoms/groups on their ends opposite the silicon atom; R1 is a Z?-substituted alkylene, arylene or alkylenearylene group, which can be interrupted by one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or carboxyl or amino groups or can carry said atoms/groups on one of their ends; R? is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group; B and B? can be identical or different, both radicals can have the meaning of a straight-chained or branched organic group with at least one C?C double bond and at least 2 carbon atoms; B? can mean instead thereof but also —R2aSi(OR3)4?a or —R2aR?bSi(OR3)4?a-b, wherein R2 is an alkylene group and R? has the meaning defined above; X represents a group that can enter into a hydrolytic while forming Si—O—Si bridges; Z? means —NH

Abstract: The invention relates to carboxylic acid derivates which contain at least one organically polymerisable group and at least one group which contains phosphorous and is reactive or wich modulates the properties of the molecule. The invention also relates to a method for production of the inventive molecules and the use thereof in dentistry and for influencing the properties of materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to inorganic hollow fibers, to a spinning mass and to a method for producing the same as well as to the use thereof for material transports, for the exchange of gases and in separation procedures. The hollow fibers according to the invention are obtainable by processing a spinning mass to a hollow fiber according to general methods, by curing said fiber thermally, via radiation induction or via chemical induction, and by removing the organic components via pyrolysis. The spinning mass is obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of hydrolyzable compounds of silicon, aluminum, titanium and zirconium and optionally of co-condensable compounds of the elements Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sn or Pb. The hydrolytic polycondensation is performed by adding water or moisture.

Abstract: The invention relates to semipermeable membranes comprising organically modified silicic-acid polycondensates, to a process for preparing them and to their use in gas exchange and in separation techniques, especially in gas separation, dialysis, pervaporation, and other filtration. The membranes of the invention can be flat or tubular and can be manufactured by conventional methods from viscous liquids obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of organically modified, hydrolyzable silicon compounds containing C═C double bonds. The membranes are cured by addition polymerization and/or polyaddition of the C═C double bonds.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrolyzable and polymerizable silanes of formula (I), methods of preparing the same, and their use in the production of silica polycondensates, silica heteropolycondensates, polymers, heteropolymers, and other products. B=straight-chain or branched substituted or unsubstituted organic radical having 2 to 50 carbon atoms comprising one or more acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, the —CO—NH— group in the formula I being bonded to a carbon atom of the radical B, and B containing no norbornene, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene or 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) (XaRbSi)m[(B) ([O]oP[O]pR′cYd)n]4-a-b (I), where the groups, residues and indices have the following meanings: B=an at least doubly-valent straight chained or branched group with at least one organic polymerisable group and at least three carbon atoms, X=a group which may be cleaved from the silicon atom by hydrolysis, R=optionally substituted alkyl, alkanyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, R′═R, Y═Cl, OH or OR′, R″═H, alkyl or aryl, a=0, 1, 2 or 3, b=0, 1 or 2, a+b together=1, 2 or 3, c=0, 1 or 2, d=0, 1 or 2, c+d together=2, m=at least 1, with the proviso that m is not greater than 1 when a+b=1 or 2, n=at least 1, o=0 or 1 and p=0 or 1. The invention further relates to a series of methods by which the above compounds may be produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to spherical metal oxide particles with a particle diameter of between 5 nm and 10000 nm. Said particles contain at least one oxidic compound of elements that are selected from the first to fifth main groups, the transition metals and/or the lanthanoids and have particulate prominences on their surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to inorganic hollow fibers, to a spinning mass and to a method for producing the same as well as to the use thereof for material transports, for the exchange of gases and in separation procedures. The hollow fibers according to the invention are obtainable by processing a spinning mass to a hollow fiber according to general methods, by curing said fiber thermally, via radiation induction or via chemical induction, and by removing the organic components via pyrolysis. The spinning mass is obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of hydrolyzable compounds of silicon, aluminum, titanium and zirconium and optionally of co-condensable compounds of the elements Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sn or Pb. The hydrolytic polycondensation is performed by adding water or moisture.

Abstract: The invention relates to spherical or approximately spherical ionomer particles, comprising an inner area and an outer area which contains silicon ions. The cations of said outer area comprise a) at least one element which can occupy lattice sites of the silicon in silicate compounds, producing a negative excess of charge and b) at least one element which is selected from the elements of the first and second main groups and those that can appear in a divalent form and which can compensate for the negative excess of charge. Suitable methods for producing the inventive particles are all those methods for producing spherical or approximately spherical particles from a suspension dispersion, emulsion or similar and separating them from the surrounding solvent. Aerosol methods and especially, spray drying of suitable solutions, gels, sols or dispersions/suspensions can also be used.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxygenator membrane based on organically modified silicic-acid polycondensates into a process for preparation thereof. The oxygenator membrane is obtainable by processing a viscous to resinous liquid by conventional methods to form a membrane, drying this membrane, if desired, and subjecting it to curing induced thermally and/or radiatively and/or chemically. The viscous to resinous liquid is obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of one or more compounds of the general formula I and/or II and/or III and/or IV and/or of precondensates derived from these compound by hydrolytic condensation and, if desired, of one or more compounds of the general formula V, and, if desired, by addition of one or more monomers and/or oligomers which are capable of undergoing addition copolymerization and/or (poly)addition reaction and/or of one or more curing catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to varnished metal wires with one or more electrically insulating varnish coatings, at least one of the electrically insulating varnish coatings representing an organically modified silicic acid (hetero) polycondensate, which has been obtained by partial or total hydrolytic condensation of one or more hydrolytically condensable compounds of silicon and if necessary other elements from the group B, A1, P, Sn, Pb, the transition metals, the lanthanides and actinides, and/or from precondensates derived from the abovenamed compounds, if necessary in the presence of a catalyst and/or of a solvent by the action of water and moisture.

Abstract: Hydrolysable and polymerizable or polyadditive silanes and methods of their production and the production of (hetero)silicic acid polycondensates or of polymers.

Abstract: The invention includes hydrolyzable and polymerizable silanes, methods of making them and using them to obtain silicic acid(hetero)polycondensates and silicic acid(hetero)polymerizates. The hydrolyzable and polymerizable silanes have the formula I, ##STR1## wherein A=O, S, NH or C(O)O; wherein B=a straight chain or branched organic residue with at least one C.dbd.C double bond and from 4 to 50 carbon atoms;R is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, alkylaryl group or an arylalkyl group;R' is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, arylene group, arylenealkylene group or alkylenearylene group each having zero to ten carbon atoms, with the proviso that the substituted groups each have at least one oxygen atom, sulfur atom and/or amine group substituent;R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to spherical particles having a size between 5 and 10,000 nm and containing either SnO.sub.2 or SnO.sub.2 and at least one further oxide of the elements from the 1.sup.st to fifth main groups and/or the transitional metals, the oxides also being capable of containing organic groups. A particle surface is modified with organic groups and a SnO.sub.2 content of the particles lies between 0.1 and 99% by weight.

Abstract: Covalently and nucleophilically self-curing systems are described which are based on polymerizable and hydrolytically condensable or condensed silicon compounds, which comprise two components, 1 and 2, and which may also comprise one or more conventional additives or fillers, additional copolymerizable monomers or oligomers, additional hydrolytically condensable or condensed compounds of silicon or both, and other elements from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Zr, B, P, Sn, Pb, the transition metals, the lanthanides and the actinides. One component comprises one or more silicon compounds of the formula I, optionally in (pre)condensed form{X.sub.a R.sub.b Si?(R'A).sub.c !.sub.(4-a-b) }.sub.x B (I)and the second component comprises one or more compounds containing at least one substituted or unsubstituted amino group or both. In particular, covalently and nucleophilically self-curing systems are described which are based on acrylates or methacrylates or both.

Abstract: The hydrolyzable and polymerizable silanes have the formula I, ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, a halogen, a hydroxy, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy oup, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or --NR.sup.2.sub.2 group; wherein R.sup.