Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a conductivity measuring system of a fluid including a solvent and an ionic solute, comprising: —a holder comprising an isolated holder wall defining a fluid channel for holding fluid, wherein the holder is shaped to allow an electrical current induced in the fluid to form a current loop; —an excitation device configured to excite an electric field inside a first part of the fluid channel, the excitation device comprising an electrical signal generator configured to generate an alternating current signal and a conducting slab; —a sensing device arranged at a position remote from the first part of the fluid channel and configured to sense a voltage signal (V) resulting from the changing magnetic field resulting from the current generated inside the fluid by the excitation device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a conductivity measuring system of a fluid including a solvent and an ionic solute, comprising: —a holder comprising an isolated holder wall defining a fluid channel for holding fluid, wherein the holder is shaped to allow an electrical current induced in the fluid to form a current loop; —an excitation device configured to excite an electric field inside a first part of the fluid channel, the excitation device comprising an electrical signal generator configured to generate an alternating current signal and a conducting slab; —a sensing device arranged at a position remote from the first part of the fluid channel and configured to sense a voltage signal (V) resulting from the changing magnetic field resulting from the current generated inside the fluid by the excitation device.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a coherent laser beam from an emission of a series of diode lasers, comprising at least one row of source diodes and a system for transforming the primary light emission emitted by the source diodes into secondary coherent light emission, wherein the system for transforming the primary emission into secondary coherent light emission includes a hologram, which comprises an image of an interference pattern of the primary light emission and the secondary coherent light emission, so that when illuminating the hologram with the primary light emission, the hologram reflects the secondary coherent light emission and in that a mirror is provided in the path of the secondary coherent light emission, which reflects at least some of the secondary coherent light emission via the hologram to the diode lasers.

Abstract: An optical fibre has a cladding layer surrounding a core, the cladding layer comprising at least a first, relatively inner generally cylindrical region, a third, relatively outer generally cylindrical region, and a second region disposed between the first and third regions, the second region having a higher refractive index than the first and third regions; and the peak difference in refractive index between the first cladding region and the core being less than about 0.0030.

Abstract: There is described a laser processing device (1) whereby, by means of laser light (6), a workpiece (4) can be processed and wherein, at the same time, an image of the workpiece (4) to be processed is obtained, wherein the focusing of the imaging optics is independent of the focusing of the laser optics. The device (1) comprises a stationary laser mirror (21) and laser focusing optics (22), which laser focusing optics (22) are axially displaceable relative to the laser mirror (21). The device (1) further comprises imaging optics (23) which are al axially displaceable relative to the laser mirror (21), such that the axial distance between the laser focusing optics (22) and the imaging optics (23) is constant.

Abstract: An optical fibre has a cladding layer surrounding a core, the cladding layer comprising at least a first, relatively inner generally cylindrical region, a third, relatively outer generally cylindrical region, and a second region disposed between the first and third regions, the second region having a higher refractive index than the first and third regions; and the peak difference in refractive index between the first cladding region and the core being less than about 0.0030.