Abstract: The invention relates to a method for adjusting a real value (actual value) of a physical quantity to a preset value (target value) with the following steps:(a) the difference between the target value and the actual value (referred to below as the control deviation) and its sign (referred to below as the control sign) is determined repeatedly at interval; (b) the control deviation is converted into at least one electrical signal during or after each measurement, and the duration thereof (referred to below as the control deviation duration) is proportional to the absolute value of the control deviation at least in the range of the target value, and the value thereof is a function of the control sign; (c) the charge of an analog electrical memory arrangement is affected by this at least one electrical signal during the control deviation duration; (d) depending on the value of the charge of the memory arrangement, the physical quantity is directly or indirectly affected to keep it in the range of the target valu

Abstract: In a method of starting a two-pulse electronically commutated dc motor, which is designed for operation in a preferred direction, for purposes of startup in a desired direction, the following steps are carried out: after start-up, the rotor of the motor is driven, according to a start routine (S118), by supplying current alternately in a first and a second direction, into forced oscillation about a rest position; during the start routine, monitoring (as to whether the rotor has started up) is performed; whenever it is determined that the rotor has started up, the start routine is exited. Further, a method is provided, by means of which the rotational position of the rotor, at which the current of a winding phase is switched on, is optimized as a function of rotation speed and rotation direction.