Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly enantioselective process for the preparation of enantiomerically pure cyclopentane- and -pentene .beta.-amino acids of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A and L, A and D or E and L, D and E, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, T and R.sup.1 have the meaning given in the description.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazole of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is in each case optionally substituted phenyl or pyridyl, comprising reacting an arylhydrazine of the formulaAr--NH--NH.sub.2with acrylonitrile of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--CNin a first stage in the presence of a diluent at a temperature between about 20.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. to form the arylhydrazine derivative of the formulaAr--NH--NH--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CN, andin a second stage contacting such derivative with an oxidizing agent in the presence of a base at a temperature between about 0.degree. C. and 60.degree. C., thereby to effect oxidation and cyclization. The products are known intermediates for herbicides and insecticides.

Abstract: The process which comprises ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen, alkoxy, alkylamino or dialkylamino or represents optionally substituted radicals from the series comprising alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl,R.sup.1 represents optionally substituted radicals from the series comprising alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, mono- or dialkylamino and phenyl,R.sup.2 represents optionally substituted alkyl,R.sup.3 represents alkyl, alkoxy or aryl,X represents oxygen or sulphur, andY represents halogen or a grouping --OCOR.sup.3.The intermediates do not have to be isolated. Some are new compounds.

Abstract: In the preparation of a phenoxy-azolyl-butanone derivative of the formula ##STR1## in which X is a halogen atom,Y is a hydrogen or halogen atom, andAz is an imidazolyl radical or a 1,2,4-triazolyl radical,wherein dichloropinacolin of the formulaCl.sub.2 CH--CO--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3is reacted with an azole of the formulaAz--Hand a phenol of the formula ##STR2## in the presence of an acid-binding agent, the improvement which comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of a water-immiscible organic solvent at a temperature between about 40.degree. and 150.degree. C., adding to the solvent at a temperature between about 0.degree. and +80.degree. C. a mineral acid, thereby to precipitate the mineral acid salt of the phenoxy-azolyl-butanone derivative, and separating such salt. Surprisingly the product does not hydrolyze when standing in contact with the mineral acid solution. The product is a known fungicide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dimethyl polysulphide of the formulaCH.sub.3 --S.sub.x --CH.sub.3in whichx is at least 1, comprising reacting a polysulphide of the formulaM.sub.y S.sub.xin whichM represents an alkali metal atom or alkaline earth metal atom, andy is 1 or 2, with O,O,O-trimethyl thiophosphate of the formula(CH.sub.3 O).sub.3 P.dbd.S.

Abstract: In the reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one with a phenol to form an ether-ketone, halogenating it to form a halogenoether-ketone and reacting it with imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole to form a 1-azolyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenoxybutan-2-one of the formula ##STR1## in which X is N or CH,n is an integer from 0 to 4, andY each independently is halogen, phenyl, phenoxy, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy or cycloalkyl,the improvement which comprises effecting all steps successively in an aromatic hydrocarbon or chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon as solvent without intermediate isolation. The products are obtained in high yield.

Abstract: In the preparation of an o-dialkylaminomethylphenol of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 conjointly with the adjacent nitrogen atom, form a five-membered or six-membered ring, by reacting phenol, formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and an amine of the formula ##STR2## the improvement which comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of an organic liquid which is immiscible with water but which is a solvent for the phenol and amine employed as starting materials and the o-dialkylaminomethylphenol which is formed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dithiophosphoric acid diester-halide of the formula ##STR1## IN WHICH R.sup.1 is alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, or alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms in each alkyl radical,R.sup.2 is alkyl with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, andHal is halogen,Which comprises reacting an S-alkyl or S-aralkyl ester of a dithiophosphoric acid dihalide of the formula ##STR2## WITH ABOUT A 5 TO 300% MOLAR EXCESS OF AN ALCOHOL OF THE FORMULAR.sup.2 OHin the presence of about a 5 to 300% molar excess of a tertiary pyridine base or tertiary aralkyl-alkylamine at a temperature between about -10.degree. and +60.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dithiophosphoric acid diester halide of the formula ##STR1## IN WHICH R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andHal is halogen, comprising reacting an S-alkyl dihalide of the formula ##STR2## WITH AN ALCOHOL OF THE FORMULAR.sup.2 OHat a temperature of about -5.degree. to -90.degree. C in the presence of about a 5 to 200% molar excess of potassium hydroxide. Advantageously about a 10 to 600% molar excess of alcohol is employed, R.sup.1 is n-propyl, R.sup.2 is ethyl, Hal is chlorine, and the reaction is effected in an aliphatic or aromatic optionally chlorinated hydrocarbon or an ether.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkylthiomethylphenol of the formula ##STR1## COMPRISING REACTING A DIALKYLAMINOMETHYLPHENOL OF THE FORMULA ##STR2## WITH A THIOCARBOXYLIC ACID S-ester of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 is optionally substituted alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms or optionally substituted phenyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen or nitro, or together form a benzene ring or cycloalkane ring with 3 to 5 carbon atoms which is fused to the phenyl ring,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently is alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or together with the nitrogen atom form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring,R.sup.6 is hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is 1, 2 or 3.The process may be carried out in a solvent, advantageously at a temperature from about 100.degree. to 150.degree. C, at about normal pressure using phenol as a catalyst with about 0.9 to 1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dithiophosphoric acid ester dihalide of the formula ##STR1## in which X is chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine, andR is an alkyl radical with up to 15 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen, by alkoxy or by alkylthio, a cycloaliphatic radical with 5 or 6 ring members, an aralkyl radical with 7 to 15 carbon atoms or an aryl or heterocyclic radical,Comprising reacting a thiol compound of the formulaR--SHwith a thiophosphoryl halide of the formulaPSX.sub.3in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a metal, an anhydrous metal halide, a Lewis acid, a nitrogen-alkylated lactam or an N,N-disubstituted carboxylic acid amide or phosphoric acid amide at a temperature of about 0.degree. to 170.degree. C.