Abstract: A cellulated, inorganic body, and a method of producing the body, the body having a very low bulk density and being resistant to aqueous and chemical attack, the cells being gas- or vacuum-filled, predominantly closed, and dispersed in a crystalline matrix.

Abstract: A multi-panel glazing unit comprising a transparent, fluid sol and at least two transparent sheets of glazing material spaced apart to enclose the fluid sol, the sol wetting the inner surfaces of the glazing sheets and being thermally convertible to a cellular, non-flammable, inorganic material that adheres to the inner surfaces of the glazing sheets and that insulates against heat transfer. In an embodiment, the sol comprises a polar solvent, an aluminum compound, and a compound reactive with the aluminum compound under thermal influence to form an aluminous crystalline material.

Abstract: There is disclosed an amorphous, polymeric material that contains phosphorous, aluminum and carbon atoms, and that is the reaction product of a buffered liquid mixture of a source of phosphorous, such as 85% phosphoric acid, a source of aluminum, such as boehmite, and an organic liquid buffer, such as a carboxylic acid. The polymeric material may be converted to a glassy or crystalline solid by heating to a temperature of at least 150.degree. C., and may be cellulated.

Abstract: There is disclosed an amorphous, polymeric material that contains phosphorous, aluminum and carbon atoms, and that is the reaction product of a buffered liquid mixture of a source of phosphorous, such as 85% phosphoric acid, a source of aluminum, such as boehmite, and an organic liquid buffer, such as a carboxylic acid. The polymeric material may be converted to a glassy or crystalline solid by heating to a temperature of at least 150.degree. C., and may be cellulated.

Abstract: A soluble thermally cellulated, ceramic mold member, having gas evolved cells dispersed in a soluble crystalline matrix, the matrix consisting predominantly of at least one crystal phase selected from the group consisting of borates and phosphates of alkali metals, of divalent metals and of aluminum, and boron phosphate, and having at least one solubilizing agent selected from alkali metal compounds, divalent metal compounds and charred acrylic resin. A mixture capable of being thermally foamed to a cellulated body, the mixture consisting essentially of at least one phosphorous-containing compound, at least one boron-containing compound, at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, divalent metal compounds and acrylic resins, at least one organic binder and a gas-evolving agent.

Abstract: Glass or crystal particles of nanocrystalline size having a minor dimension of 0.1 to 100 Angstrom units. They may be prepared by controlled thermal separation of phase-separable glasses. Preferred crystal forms are zinc pyrophosphate and lithium disilicate. A crystallizable glass is combined with phyllosilicate particles and sintered to form an oriented composite body. During slow sintering, the crystal grows epitaxially on the phyllosilicate.

Abstract: Glass or crystal particles of nanocrystalline size having a minor dimension of 0.1 to 100 Angstrom units. They may be prepared by controlled thermal separation of phase-separable glasses. Preferred crystal forms are zinc pyrophosphate and lithium disilicate. A crystallizable glass is combined with phyllosilicate particles and sintered to form an oriented composite body. During slow sintering, the crystal grows epitaxially on the phyllosilicate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of treating phyllosilicate materials by exposing the materials to a source of hydrogen ions to hydrate hydroxyl ions on and in the phyllosilicate structure. The source of hydrogen ions may be a simple organic, or mineral, acid, preferably formic or hydrochloric acid. The hydrated phyllosilicate may then be dehydrated and delaminated by thermal treatment.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fluorinated phyllosilicate material and method of producing such material. The material has fluoride ions chemically bonded to a natural phyllosilicate in part at least by exchange with hydroxyl ions. The method comprises exposing a phyllosilicate to a source of fluoride ions, either gaseous, aqueous fluoride solution, or a volatile solid, and chemically bonding flouride ions to the phyllosilicate structure. The fluorinated material may be heated to a temperature in the range of 100.degree.-1000.degree. C., preferably 300.degree.-800.degree. C. to dehydrate the material. Heating at 800.degree. C. may create new crystal phases, such as sellaite (MgF.sub.2) or fluorite (CaF.sub.2).

Abstract: A method of delaminating a phyllosilicate is disclosed wherein the phyllosilicate is heated in the presence of a reactive vapor phase, preferably a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. The delaminated phyllosilicate is less than 1000.ANG. thick, and is stabilized against moisture pickup. The formation of either a layer of a transition metal, or an organic reactive site, on the phyllosilicate surface is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a natural phyllosilicate and, in solid solution therewith, at least one additional silicate or spinel phase such as beta-quartz, beta-spodumene, biotite, donathite, magnetite and Ca.sub.2 MgFe.sub.2 O.sub.6. There is also disclosed a method of producing such solid solution by introducing a phyllosilicate into a salt bath to effect an ion exchange between the salt of the bath and the phyllosilicate and subjecting the ion-exchanged phyllosilicate to a thermal treatment to develop a new phase which forms a solid solution.

Abstract: There are disclosed gels composed of hydrated phyllosilicates combined with a lattice expanding agent selected from the group consisting of a primary aminocarboxy acid, lysine orotate, and glycylglycine. Both organic and inorganic additions, as well as ion exchange products, are disclosed. The gels, with or without the additions, may be polymerized and may be formed or shaped. Also disclosed are methods for generating the gels and for treating the gels generated.

Abstract: There is disclosed a delaminated phyllosilicate particle of less than 1000 .ANG. thickness and having a coating of a transition metal on its surface, the metal being selected from the transition elements and groups 3a, 4a, 5a and 6a of the Periodic Table. Also disclosed is a method of producing such particle by an ion exchange treatment coupled with a reactive vapor phase/thermal treatment. A ceramic-metal composite composed of such metal coated particles compressed in a solid body is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a product from a naturally occurring phyllosilicate, the method comprising the steps of:(a) exposing the phyllosilicate to a source of exchangeable cations to effect a change in the chemical makeup of the phyllosilicate interlayer by ion transfer;(b) exposing the ion-exchanged phyllosilicate to an expanding agent selected from the group consisting of a primary aminocarboxy acid, lysine orotate, and glycylglycine to expand the cell spacing and cause gel formation;(c) flocculating the gel;(d) forming a gel-floc interface; and(e) withdrawing the flocculated gel from that interface.

Abstract: There are disclosed gels composed of hydrated phyllosilicates combined with a lattice expanding agent selected from the group consisting of a primary aminocarboxy acid, lysine orotate, and glycylglycine. Both organic and inorganic additions, as well as ion exchange products, are disclosed. The gels, with or without the additions, may be polymerized and may be formed or shaped. Also disclosed are methods for generating the gels and for treating the gels generated.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic materials designed for application as glazes to low expansion ceramic bodies. The inventive glass-ceramics exhibit average coefficients of thermal expansion (25.degree.-100.degree. C.) of less than -15.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C., demonstrate excellent resistance to attack by acids and bases, contain beta-quartz solid solution as the predominant crystal phase, and consist essentially, in weight percent, of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 50-67 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 22-32 Li.sub.2 O 4.5-7 TiO.sub.2 and/or ZrO.sub.2 4.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of transparent, translucent, and opaque glass-ceramic articles containing .beta.-quartz solid solution as the predominant crystal phase exhibiting colors ranging from black to brown to red, and opaque glass-ceramic articles containing .beta.-spodumene solid solution as the predominant crystal phase exhibiting colors ranging from gray to brown to almond to beige to yellow to blue. Both types of articles can be prepared by heat treating precursor glass articles essentially free from MgO and consisting essentially, in weight percent, of:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 63.5-69 BaO 0-5 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 15-25 TiO.sub.2 >2.5-6 Li.sub.2 O 2.5-4 ZrO.sub.2 0-2 Na.sub.2 O 0.1-0.6 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.4-0.8 K.sub.2 O 0.1-0.6 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.05-0.2 ZnO 0-2 ______________________________________and 0.3-3% total of at least two oxides in the indicated proportions selected from the group of 0-2% CaO, 0-3% CeO.sub.2, 0-1% NiO, 0-1.5% SnO.sub.2, 0-0.3% V.sub.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for making transparent glass-ceramic articles containing .beta.-quartz solid solution as the predominant crystal phase that are resistant to attack by the fumes generated in a coal or wood burning stove so as to render them particularly suitable for windows in such stoves. One embodiment of the inventive method comprises subjecting the precursor glass article to a H.sup.+ ion for Li.sup.+ ion exchange and subsequently heat treating the glass article to crystallize it to a glass-ceramic. A second embodiment of the inventive method comprises heat treating the precursor glass to crystallize it to a glass-ceramic and then subjecting the glass-ceramic article to a K.sup.+ ion for Li.sup.+ ion exchange.

Abstract: This invention is directed to transparent, essentially colorless glass-ceramic articles containing .beta.-quartz solid solution as the predominant crystal phase consisting essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, ofSiO.sub.2 --65-75,Li.sub.2 O--1-4,Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --15-25,ZnO--0.5-2,Na.sub.2 O and/or K.sub.2 O--0-2,TiO.sub.2 --2-6,ZrO.sub.2 --0-2,BaO--0--0-2.5,F--0-1.2,Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 -->0.01-<0.1,Through ion exchange reactions the article can be made highly resistant to attack by the atmospheres in coal and wood burning stoves.

Abstract: There is disclosed a borosilicate, opal glass article composed of a phase-separated, opacified interior portion completely encased within, and integral with, a transparent, single-phase glass, surface skin. The phase-separated portion contains borate-rich and silicate-rich phases so different in refractive index that light is scattered, and the glass may contain a titania-coupled colorant. The article may be produced by molding a glass charge while simultaneously extracting heat from a surface layer on the molded article to maintain such surface layer as a single-phase glass.