Abstract: With the article, smoking is simulated by inhalation of nicotine without the action of heat. A carrier device (14), for example, a packing of spheres (20), for a nicotine preparation capable of volatilizing at room temperature is incorporated in a container (10) with air inlet (11) and air outlet (12). The carrier device (14) forms a plurality of uninterrupted flow channels (21). The nicotine preparation (e.g., pure nicotine) is applied on the free and nonabsorbent surface of the carrier as a thin layer (22) leaving the channels (21) open. Glass of other sufficiently impervious, inert materials, metals or metal alloys, such as aluminum, dense or glazed ceramics, or especially dense plastics such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polybutyleneterephthalate come into consideration as the material for the carrier device (14). Various shapes of carrier devices are described.

Abstract: With portable data carrying devices, which are intended for the required connection (for example by means of contacts 9) to an external read/write unit in a data exchange system and which contain besides a control unit (2) an additional data memory (5) (both implemented as integrated circuits), a high level of security should be achieved against access to the stored data and manipulations without authorization. For this purpose entry to the additional data memory (5) from the control unit (2) is protected. Various possibilities are specified such as access coding, cryptographic circuit means and methods or secret microcodes. The data carrying device (1) can be implemented with two or more separate integrated circuit components interconnected by a multiple conductor strip (3) (multi-chip), or with all functional units integrated on a common carrier (single chip).

Abstract: A light source is energized by pulses controlled by a frequency standard taken from a resonant circuit output. The resonant circuit acts as a narrow-band filter and comprises the capacitance of a photoresponsive receiver and an associated inductor so that a desired filter frequency is obtained. The accurate coincidence of the light source pulse frequency and the resonant circuit acting as a narrow-band output filter permits optical interference acting on the measuring apparatus to be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: To provide a more representative output signal on electro-optical transducers scanning a traveling filament, such as a textile thread than heretofore possible, a beam of light is passed to the filament and the light reflected therefrom is analyzed and transduced into an electrical signal, so that light passing laterally of the filament is eliminated from the pick-up to provide an output signal in the pick-up representative only of the portion of the thread which is actually illuminated.

Abstract: To prevent periodically recurring thickened portions of thread from open end spinning machines, a thread thickness sensing signal is conducted to a mono stable blocking multivibrator having an unstable blocked time just under, for example, ninety percent, of the time of pull off of thread during one revolution of the turbine, so that the distance of thread passing through the sensor during the unstable time is just slightly less than the circumference of the spinning turbine of the open end spinning machine. If other thickened portions result from a specific circumferential point of the turbine, resulting in periodic defects, the mono stable multivibrator will be triggered again and again; the trigger signals is summed, for example, by an integrator and if the sum of the pulses reach a certain value, a defect signal is generated, for example, stopping the machine. Before being applied to the mono stable multivibrator, the signals are preferably dynamically limited.

Abstract: A pair of pressure disks through which the thread may pass are pressed together by a controllable electromagnetic force generated by a pressure electromagnet acting on at least one of the disks. The thread is passed over an oscillating lever which is urged by the tension of the thread from a first position to a deflected position and, when in the deflected position, closing an electrical contact which opens the circuit to the pressure electromagnet acting on the disks to return the lever to the first position, thus opening the contact. The magnetic force of a lever reset magnet is adjustable.

Abstract: To provide a readily separable electrical in-line connection in which mechanical stress on the terminal itself is relieved, one terminal strip or lug, in a flat strip form, is engaged by another terminal lug having a bent-over tab, so that, in cross section, the other terminal element is U-shaped; one of the terminal elements has a hole punched into it, and the other has a projecting pin, fitting into the hole. The two terminal elements are assembled together by inserting the pin in the hole, with the terminal elements respectively aligned at a slight angle, and they are then rotated so that the U-shaped bent-over tab engages around the other terminal element, to make a secure electrical connection which is also mechanically stable.

Abstract: A sensing lever, preferably a double-arm lever, is journalled over a fulcrum; one arm is engaged by the thread to be supervised, and further connected to operate an electrical switch; the other arm is subject to electromagnetic force derived from an interrupted, pulsed electromagnet. Pulsed operation of the electromagnet can be obtained by a signal derived from the switch of the lever itself, or from an extraneous source; upon attraction by the magnet, the contacts are opened; during a pulse gap, the thread tension depresses the lever, thus closing the contacts; the lever will, therefore, continuously vibrate and presence of an a-c signal across the switches will be indicative of: (a) presence of thread; (b) thread tension below a predetermined limit (excessive tension would overcome the pulsed reset force of the electromagnet); and (c) proper operation (jamming of the lever would likewise result in a d-c output from the switch).