Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) in which R1, A, D, X and Z have the meanings given in the description, by reacting compounds of the formula (II)  in which A, D and X have the meanings given above, with a base and in the presence of a diluent, and subsequently reacting the reaction mixture with the mixture of CCMP/CMP (2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine/2-chloro-5-methylpyridine) and the corresponding hydrochlorides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for preparing compounds of the formula (I) in which R1, A, X and Z are each as defined in the description by reacting compounds of the formula (II) in which A and X are each as defined in the description with compounds of the formula (III) in which Z, R1 and M1 are each as defined in the description.

Abstract: The application describes a process for preparing 4-hydroxyanilines by the reaction of phenols with diazonium salts and subsequent reduction.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for the preparation of an O-alkyl, O-alkyl phosphorochloridothioate by 1) reacting A) a thiophosphoryl halide with B) an alcohol, in the presence of C) a tertiary amine acid acceptor and D) a solvent, and 2) reacting the resultant product with a second alcohol, different from the alcohol used in step 1). In the preferred embodiment, the intermediate product is not isolated before reaction with the second alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 5-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R represents optionally substituted alkyl,which is characterized in that amidines of the general formula (II), ##STR2## in which R has the abovementioned meaning,are reacted with epichlorohydrin of the formula (III) ##STR3## if appropriate in the presence of a diluent at temperatures between 0.degree. C. and 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A simplified process for preparing the known insecticide 0,S-dimethylthiolphosphoric acid amide of the formula ##STR1## inexpensively, in high purity and with minimum waste water and gas which would have to be specially treated to avoid environmental pollution, comprises(a) contacting 0,0 dimethyl-thiophosphoric acid amide of the formula ##STR2## in which Me is sodium or potassium, separating the aqueous phase,(b) optionally adding an organic solvent to the aqueous phase, and reacting the mass with methyl bromide or methyl chloride thereby to form the 0,S-dimethyl-thiolphosphoric acid amide, and either(c) extracting the amide with a sparingly water-miscible solvent thereby to dissolve the amide, or(d) concentrating the reaction mixture from the methylation step (b), by distillation, until the alkali metal halide formed has separated out, and filtering off the alkali metal halide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of polyhydric phenols by hydroxylation of phenols with peroxidic hydroxylating agents and in the presence of 0.00005 to 0.03% by weight (relative to the phenols employed) of substances which can form chelate complexes with metal ions, such as nitrogen-containing di- or poly- carboxylic acids or phosphoric acid derivatives. The products of the process are known to be useful in the fields of photography, dyestuffs, plastics, fragrances and flavors.

Abstract: A process has been developed for the purification of expoxides containing carbonyl compounds as impurities wherein the carbonyl compound content is up to 2% by weight of epoxide. Purification is effected by treatment with compounds containing at least one NH.sub.2 group.

Abstract: Caprolactones such as .epsilon.-caprolactone are stabilized against discoloration with dihydroxybenzenes such as hydroquinone or compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, andR.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.Even the presence of air is not detrimental.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous preparation of pure organic solutions of percarboxylic acids having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, by(a) contacting aqueous hydrogen peroxide with a carboxylic acid containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the presence of an acid catalyst at a feed molar ratio of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 to carboxylic acid of 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactone comprising:(a) reacting cyclohexanone with a solution of perpropionic acid in an organic solvent at a molar ratio of cyclohexanone;perpropionic acid of about 1.1-5:1 at a temperature of about 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. to form a reaction mixture consisting essentially of .epsilon.-caprolactone, propionic acid and organic solvent,(b) distilling the reaction mixture from (a) in a first distillation unit to obtain a distillate comprising the organic solvent and a distillation residue,(c) introducing the distillation residue from (b) at a point into a second distillation unit to obtain a distillate comprising propionic acid and unreacted cyclohexanone, removing from the second distillation unit, separately from one another and at a point below the point of introduction into the second distillation unit, .epsilon.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a polyhydric phenol by hydroxylation of a phenol with a peroxidic hydroxylating agent, is disclosed. The improvement resides in that before the hydroxylation, all or some of the mixture to be hydroxylated is treated with a cation exchanger.

Abstract: A process for the production of pyrocatechol and hydroquinone by the hydroxylation of phenol in the nucleus with hydrogen peroxide, wherein phenol is reacted at the start of the reaction with substantially anhydrous hydrogen peroxide and wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the provision of 5-(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3-benzodioxole by reaction of 5-(2-propenyl)1,3-benzodioxole with a percarboxylic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in an inert organic solvent.

Abstract: A process has been invented for the preparation of pyrocatechol and hydroquinone which comprises reacting a solution which is substantially anhydrous and free from hydrogen peroxide, of a percarboxylic acid in an inert, organic solvent, with phenol at temperatures from -10.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.The compounds obtained according to the invention are known, important industrial chemicals which are used in large amounts in the field of photography and of dyestuffs and plastics and in the field of scents and flavorings.

Abstract: A process has been invented for the preparation of dihydric substituted phenols which comprises reacting a solution, which is essentially anhydrous and free from hydrogen peroxide, of a percarboxylic acid in an inert organic solvent with a monohydric substituted phenol, which is derived from benzene, naphthalene or anthracene and still contains at least one free hydrogen atom in the aromatic nucleus, at temperatures from about -20.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C.The dihydric substituted phenols obtained according to the invention are known, important industrial intermediate products used in the fields of photography, dyestuffs and plastics, as well as in the scent and flavoring areas.

Abstract: A process for the hydroxylation of phenols and phenol ethers in the nucleus with hydrogen peroxide wherein a phenol or a phenol ether is reacted at the start of the reaction with substantially anhydrous hydrogen peroxide and wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: Process for continuous production of propylene oxide (FIG. 1) from propylene and aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with propionic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form perpropionic acid (1). The perpropionic acid is taken up by extraction in benzene (5, 12), and following drying of the benzene solution (16), the perpropionic acid in the solution is reacted with propylene (18) for oxidation of the propylene to propylene oxide and conversion of the perpropionic acid back to propionic acid. The reaction mixture is worked up to separate propylene oxide, propionic acid and benzene (25, 27, 31, 33), and the latter two are recycled. In the benzene extraction (5, 12), an aqueous raffinate (7) is formed containing hydrogen peroxide and acid catalyst. Water is removed from the aqueous raffinate (8) and the concentrate is recycled to the propionic acid reactor. Make-up hydrogen peroxide can be added to the aqueous raffinate before the removal of water.

Abstract: Process for continuous production of propylene oxide (FIG. 1) from propylene and aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with propionic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form perpropionic acid (1). The perpropionic acid is taken up by extraction in benzene (5, 18) and following drying of the benzene solution (21), the perpropionic acid in the solution is reacted with propylene (24) for oxidation of the propylene to propylene oxide and conversion of the perpropionic acid back to propionic acid. The reaction mixture is worked up to separate propylene oxide, propionic acid and benzene (30, 32, 37, 39), and the latter two are recycled. In the benzene extraction (5, 18), an aqueous raffinate (7) is formed containing hydrogen peroxide and acid catalyst.