Abstract: An electrowetting optical element, a method of manufacturing and a display including the same. The element includes a containment space containing a polar liquid relative to a non-polar liquid, immiscible with each other, a first electrode layer stack defining a first enclosing surface of the space and including a substrate, a first electrode layer, and an insulating layer having a hydrophobic first interface layer with the space, a second electrode layer stack defining a second enclosing surface of the space and including a superstrate and a second electrode layer having a second interface layer with the space and one or more cell walls fixedly mounted on the second stack and extending toward the first stack, for defining sides of the space. An end face of the walls adjacent the first stack faces the first layer in a loose manner, the second stack includes a thin film transistor electrode layer, and the walls are composed of electrically insulating material.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical element, having a first electrode layer stack and a second electrode layer stack. Each layer stack has an electrode for applying a voltage to the electrodes for rearranging polar liquid relative to non-polar liquid. A containment space is formed between the first and second electrode layer stack. One or more cell walls extend between the electrode stacks for defining sides of the containment space forming cells. The electrowetting optical element further includes a retroreflective layer for reflecting incident light back through the element.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical element, having a first electrode layer stack and a second electrode layer stack. Each layer stack has an electrode for applying a voltage to the electrodes for rearranging polar liquid relative to non-polar liquid. A containment space is formed between the first and second electrode layer stack. One or more cell walls extend between the electrode stacks for defining sides of the containment space forming cells. The electrowetting optical element further includes a retroreflective layer for reflecting incident light back through the element.

Abstract: Optical wave guide panel for visualization of an image, wherein the panel has an image interface surface for interfacing with an image to be visually presented and a viewing interface surface opposite the image interface surface for reviewing the image located at the image interface surface. The panel has at least one boundary, and is fabricated from a transparent solid material. The panel is provided with a pattern of grooves and to the image interface surface, extending at lease partially into the panel between image interface surface and the viewing interface surface of the panel. The pattern of grooves comprises at least one groove following a contour of the at least one boundary of the panel.

Abstract: Optical wave guide panel for visualization of an image, wherein the panel has an image interface surface for interfacing with an image to be visually presented and a viewing interface surface opposite the image interface surface for reviewing the image located at the image interface surface. The panel has at least one boundary, and is fabricated from a transparent solid material. The panel is provided with a pattern of grooves and to the image interface surface, extending at lease partially into the panel between image interface surface and the viewing interface surface of the panel. The pattern of grooves comprises at least one groove following a contour of the at least one boundary of the panel.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical element comprising a first electrode layer stack and a second electrode layer stack, and a containment space formed between said first electrode layer stack and said second electrode layer stack, one or more pixel walls fixedly mounted on said second interface surface and extending between said first and second electrode stacks, for defining sides of said containment space. Said containment space at least contains a polar liquid and a non-polar liquid, the polar and non-polar liquids being immiscible with each other. Said hydrophobic interface surface has a higher hydrophobicity than the second interface surface. The electrowetting element is arranged for enabling powering of said first and second electrode layers for rearranging said polar liquid relative to said non-polar liquid. An end face of said one or more pixel walls opposite said first electrode layer stack faces said hydrophobic interface surface in a loose manner.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical element comprising a first electrode layer stack and a second electrode layer stack, and a containment space formed between said first electrode layer stack and said second electrode layer stack, one or more pixel walls fixedly mounted on said second interface surface and extending between said first and second electrode stacks, for defining sides of said containment space. Said containment space at least contains a polar liquid and a non-polar liquid, the polar and non-polar liquids being immiscible with each other. Said hydrophobic interface surface has a higher hydrophobicity than the second interface surface. The electrowetting element is arranged for enabling powering of said first and second electrode layers for rearranging said polar liquid relative to said non-polar liquid. An end face of said one or more pixel walls opposite said first electrode layer stack faces said hydrophobic interface surface in a loose manner.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical element comprising a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer opposite said first electrode layer, and a containment space formed between said first and said second electrode layer. The first electrode layer comprises an insulating layer, and a hydrophobic surface layer contiguous to said containment space. The electrowetting element further comprises a barrier layer in between said insulating layer and said containment space, for preventing ion migration of ions from said containment space into said insulating layer, for preventing charge accumulation in said insulating layer. The disclosure further relates to a method of manufacturing an electrowetting element.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mirror system for a vehicle, said mirror system having a viewing surface for being operable as a mirror, said mirror system comprising a specular reflective surface and means for controlling an amount of light transmitted between said specular reflective surface and said viewing surface, said means for controlling said amount of light transmitted comprising at least one transmission control element and control means for controlling said transmission control element, characterised in that said transmission control element is an electrowetting element. The present invention is further directed to a method of operating said mirror system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mirror system for a vehicle, said mirror system having a viewing surface for being operable as a mirror, said mirror system comprising a specular reflective surface and means for controlling an amount of light transmitted between said specular reflective surface and said viewing surface, said means for controlling said amount of light transmitted comprising at least one transmission control element and control means for controlling said transmission control element, characterised in that said transmission control element is an electrowetting element. The present invention is further directed to a method of operating said mirror system.