Abstract: A temperature programmed low thermal mass fast liquid chromatography system capable of high throughput and low power consumption includes a straight or curved short reloadable low-mass tubular heater with a capillary column extending inside. If the capillary column is long enough, it is coiled to form a coiled capillary LC column (the length of which does not exceed 0.2 m-1.0 m) packed in a singular module package with a heating wire and a temperature sensing wire extending along and in proximity to the LC capillary column. A tubular heater, e.g. a steel tubing, incorporates the LC capillary column, along with the heating wire and the temperatures sensor and is coiled to form a miniature power saving LC module which may be attached outside a chromatography oven. Capillary lengths extend inside the oven between the inlet and outlet of the LC column module and mobile phase source and detector, respectively.

Abstract: A knockdown nerf bar for replaceably and adjustably protecting a side of a vehicle from dings and dents. A frame replaceably and adjustably mounts to the vehicle. Mounting apparatus is operatively connected to the frame and mounts the frame to the vehicle. Adjusting apparatus is operatively connected to the frame and replaceably and adjustably attaches the frame to the vehicle. The frame has a pair of subframes connected to each other by a plurality of transverse portions that extend horizontally across the side of the vehicle. Each subframe has a stationary portion and a movable portion. The stationary portion mounts to, and extends outwardly from, the underside of the vehicle by the mounting apparatus. The movable portion is replaceably and adjustably connected to the stationary portion by the adjusting apparatus and extends vertically along the side of the vehicle. The mounting apparatus attaches to the underside of, and the panel flange of the underside of, the vehicle.

Abstract: Porous ceramic plugs are cast in place in chromatographic columns in order to provide supports for chromatographic beds in liquid chromatography devices and restrictors in supercritical fluid chromatographic devices. The supports are cast in place by fusing a silicate containing solution, such as one containing potassium silicate, which has been drawn into the outlet end of the column.