Abstract: A method of expanding a complex community of microorganisms is provided, an expanded complex community of microorganisms obtained by the method is provided, a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the expanded complex community of microorganisms is provided, and the use of the expanded complex community of microorganisms and the pharmaceutical formulation is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of surfactants to extract a platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium, from organic compositions. In particular, the invention concerns the use of surfactants to back-extract a platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium, from organic compositions further comprising an extractant of said platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium from an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of surfactants to extract a platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium, from organic compositions. In particular, the invention concerns the use of surfactants to back-extract a platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium, from organic compositions further comprising an extractant of said platinum group metal or gold, in particular palladium from an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A device for transmitting energy comprises: a wall separating two media; and at least one conductive element passing through the wall, the conductive element comprising an energetically conductive material extending in a longitudinal direction. The conductive element is joined to the wall and comprises a hole passing through the wall and extending in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction on either side of the surfaces of the wall, over respective lengths that are larger than or equal to the largest dimension of a cross section of the conductive element considered level with the wall, the maximum ratio of the area of the cross section of the conductive element with the hole to the area of the cross section of the conductive element without the hole level with the wall being higher than or equal to a threshold comprised between 0.85 and 0.95.

Abstract: A device for transmitting energy comprises: a wall separating two media; and at least one conductive element passing through the wall, the conductive element comprising an energetically conductive material extending in a longitudinal direction. The conductive element is joined to the wall and comprises a hole passing through the wall and extending in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction on either side of the surfaces of the wall, over respective lengths that are larger than or equal to the largest dimension of a cross section of the conductive element considered level with the wall, the maximum ratio of the area of the cross section of the conductive element with the hole to the area of the cross section of the conductive element without the hole level with the wall being higher than or equal to a threshold comprised between 0.85 and 0.95.

Abstract: A device for the positioning and holding of an optical fiber having a substrate, a groove for receiving the optical fiber, and at least one first and one second groove widenings along a longitudinal axis of said groove. An adhesive substance is introduced in one of the two widenings, said adhesive substance fixing the fiber to the substrate. A process for fixing a fiber to a substrate includes the steps of positioning the fiber, holding said fiber with a tool, and introducing an adhesive substance for fixing the fiber to a substrate.

Abstract: A connection process between an optical fiber and an optical microguide, the microguide having on a substrate, a structure having two media and a core between the media and whose refractive index is higher than those of the media, wherein substantially anisotropic etching takes place of the structure from one end of the microguide, so as to eliminate from the structure a zone allowing the axis of the core as the median line and whose width is at least equal to the external diameter of the fiber. Etching by a dry process takes place of part of the substrate which is located beneath the thus eliminated zone and over a depth making it possible to bring into coincidence the core of the microguide and the core of the fiber, when the latter rests on the bottom of the recess formed in this manner in the substrate and the fiber is fixed in said recess.

Abstract: The control and monitoring data transmission conductors between the control board and the transistor conversion circuit are formed into a flexible flat cable whose intermediate part is wound on a single magnetic circuit to constitute a common mode inductance designed to compensate the disturbances affecting the printed circuit board due to the potential changes of the semi-conductors generated when switching takes place from the conducting state to the blocking state, and vice-versa.

Abstract: A filter unit for a static converter, notably an inverter, comprises at least one module having four capacitors arranged on a support with a square base in two groups connected in parallel to the power supply terminals of opposite polarities, each group comprising two series-mounted capacitors. The voltage at the mid-points of the two groups is fixed by a voltage divider comprising two balancing resistors, and an auxiliary impedance formed by the intermediate part of the connecting device. The support base is provided with coupling means to enable modular assembly by associating several modules identical on the four sides of the base.

Abstract: A converter comprises a plurality of modules each having a heat-sink unit with a base-plate made of a good heat-conducting metal material, acting as a support for the electronic components, a pair of parallel flanges laterally fixed to the opposite edges of the base-plate, and a rear plate for connection of the draw-in contacts capable of cooperating with the studs of a fixed connecting base. Error prevention means, formed by pins and orifices prevent any module connection error. The draw-in contacts are achieved by tulip-fingers or grips capable of being housed in six holes of the connection plate. The assembly forms a rack which can be actuated by a handle.

Abstract: The protective filter comprises an internal reference plane, electrically insulated from the converter housing and acting as ground plane for the internal elements of the static converter, and filtering capacitors respectively connecting the internal reference plane to the input and output cables of the converter.