Abstract: The invention is a device for sampling fluids under pressure from a well which comprises a chamber for retaining the fluid within a sample chamber (01). The chambers includes a first piston which allows or prevents fluid inflow into the lower part of the chamber. The first piston is displaced by means comprising an elastic element (20) disposed in a chamber filled with oil and connected to the piston by a rod (04). Sampled fluid transfer means allows control of the descent of a second piston (02) from the upper part to the lower part of the chamber so that the fluid remains at constant pressure in chamber during the transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of oligomerizing olefins M selectively to oligomers Mn, involving a catalytic system comprising at least one organometallic complex with a metal of groups 4 to 10 of the periodic table of molecular volume Vmo, and a micro- or mesoporous solid whose average micropore diameter ? is greater than or equal to ?min defined as a function of the molecular volume (Vmo+nVmM), where n is the number of monomeric olefins strung together upon obtaining the metallacycle intermediate and VmM the molecular volume of the monomeric olefin.

Abstract: A process for sequestrating carbon emitted into the atmosphere in the form of CO2 comprises: a) a step for concentrating CO2 in the liquid phase; b) a step for electro-reduction in an aprotic medium to a compound in which the carbon changes to oxidation number +3 in the form of oxalic acid or formic acid; c) if appropriate, a step for re-extracting oxalic or formic acid in the aqueous phase; and d) a step for mineralization by reaction with a compound of an element M, resulting in a stable compound in which the atomic ratio C/M is about 2/1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of oligomerizing olefins M selectively to oligomers Mn, involving a catalytic system comprising at least one organometallic complex with a metal of groups 4 to 10 of the periodic table of molecular volume Vmo, and a micro- or mesoporous solid whose average micropore diameter ? is greater than or equal to ?min defined as a function of the molecular volume (Vmo+nVmM), where n is the number of monomeric olefins strung together upon obtaining the metallacycle intermediate and VmM the molecular volume of the monomeric olefin.

Abstract: A process for sequestrating carbon emitted into the atmosphere in the form of CO2 comprises: a) a step for concentrating CO2 in the liquid phase; b) a step for electro-reduction in an aprotic medium to a compound in which the carbon changes to oxidation number +3 in the form of oxalic acid or formic acid; c) if appropriate, a step for re-extracting oxalic or formic acid in the aqueous phase; and d) a step for mineralization by reaction with a compound of an element M, resulting in a stable compound in which the atomic ratio C/M is about 2/1.

Abstract: For estimating a property of use, for example the activity of a catalyst or the ability to hold a ratio-element in a solid mineral matrix, or a material MAB whose active element is AB, there are used a descriptor DAB of the chemical bond between A and B, which has the dimension of an energy, and index RAB that measures the property of use of said material. The invention also relates to a process for determining the chemical affinity of an element or a set of elements B for a matrix A with a descripor DAB. The process according to the invention advantageously can be used for the design of new materials whose use produces the formation or the modification of at least one chemical bond or makes it necessary to prevent the formation of said bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for estimating a property of use, for example the activity of a catalyst or the ability to hold a radio-element in a solid mineral matrix, or a material MAB whose active element is AB. This process comprises the use of a descriptor DAB of the chemical bond between A and B, which has the dimension of an energy, and an index RAB that measures the property of use of said material. The invention also relates to a process for determining the chemical affinity of an element or a set of elements B for a matrix A with a descriptor DAB. The processes according to the invention advantageously can be used for the design of new materials whose use produces the formation or the modification of at least one chemical bond or makes it necessary to prevent the formation of said bond.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst for hydrorefining and hydroconverting hydrocarbon feeds, comprising a mixed sulphide comprising at least two elements selected from elements with an atomic number selected from the group formed by the following numbers: 3, 11, 12, 19 to 33, 37, to 51, 55 to 83, 87 to 103, characterized in that the mixed sulphide results from a combination of at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of less than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol) and at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of more than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol), the mixed sulphide thus having a mean bond energy between the metal and sulphur which is in the range 30 to 70 kcal/mol (125 to 293 kJ/mol).

Abstract: The process for slowing the growth and/or agglomeration of hydrates in a fluid comprising water and gases comprises adding gas hydrate growth and/or agglomeration inhibitors comprising an essentially water soluble polymer, characterized by a total number of rotational degrees of freedom per statistical repeat unit RDFTm of over 9, preferably over 10, and a degree of polymerization DP of a statistical repeat unit in the range 18/RDFTm to 200,000, preferably in the range 20/RDFTm to 100,000. The growth and/or agglomeration inhibitor(s) is/are generally incorporated into the fluid to be treated in a concentration of 0.05% to 5% by weight with respect to the amount of water in the medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating a new or regenerated catalyst containing a support having as a base at least one metal or metalloid oxide and at least one active metal, comprising treating the catalyst with at least one sulfuration agent dissolved in a solvent.The invention is charcterized in that the sulfuration agent is a polysulfide with the following general formulaR'--S.sub.y --R--S.sub.x --R--S.sub.y).sub.n R'where R is a linear or a branched organic radical comprising from 2 to 12 carbon atoms; R' is an alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl radical comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R' possibly comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; x has a value of from 1 to 4; y has a value of from 1 to 8 and n is such that the average molar mass of the polymer is about 5000.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a mercury collecting solid mass containing a carrier and copper, at least partly as copper sulfide, comprising the following steps of:(a) incorporating with the carrier at least one copper compound other than a sulfide,(b) optionally roasting said carrier,(c) incorporating therewith at least one organic polysulfide, and(d) thermally treating the resultant mass, in non-oxidizing atmosphere, under gas scavenging.The invention also concerns a regenerating process for a mercury recovery mass, containing a carrier, and copper, at least partly as copper sulfide, comprising incorporating with said mass, after a decrease of its mercury recovery efficiency and after removal of at least a part of its mercury content, an organic polysulfide, and finally subjecting it to a thermal treatment, in non-oxidizing atmosphere, under gas scavenging.

Abstract: For characterizing a catalyst, particularly a catalyst useful in refining of oil residues, by determination of its conversion and coking activities, the steps of:(a) impregnating the catalyst with a hydrocarbon mixture,(b) heating the impregnated catalyst, at a rate of temperature increase ranging from 2.degree. C./min to 50.degree. C./sec, under inert gas in a furnace. up to a temperature .theta..sub.2 ranging from 300.degree. C. to 380.degree. C. and measuring, by means of a hydrocarbon detector 4, a signal Q representative of the hydrocarbons generated during step b,(c) continuing the heating under the inert gas up to a temperature .theta..sub.3 ranging from 500.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulfurizing a catalyst, particularly a refining catalyst comprising a carrier and active metal oxides.In a first step, a sulfur compound mainly consisting of organic polysulfide is introduced into the catalyst mass. A second step consists of first sulfurizing, in the absence of hydrogen, the active metal oxides at a temperature lower than 275.degree. C. and then activating the catalyst at a temperature higher than 275.degree. C.The present invention concerns a process for presulfurizing a hydrocarbon treatment catalyst and/or preconditioning a catalyst in view of subsequent presulfurization.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of preparing catalysts and certain catalysts which can be obtained by the method. The method comprises (a) coprecipitating at least a group VIII metal sulfide with at least a group VIB metal sulfide, at a pH maintained at a value of 4.5 to 8; (b) separating the resultant precipitate; (c) drying the precipitate; and (d) calcining the dried precipitate; all the steps being effected under an inert atmosphere. The catalysts have a stoichiometry of 1.2 to 2.

Abstract: Supported catalysts which are made by shaping catalyst carrier, with or without catalyst precursors, into balls, calcining the balls at 300.degree.-1000.degree. C., and crushing the calcined balls to particles whose average size is 0.2-0.8 times the average diameter of the balls. When the precursors are not present during the manufacture, they are added thereafter.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating hydrocarbons uses a catalyst which comprises a carrier and at least one catalytic metal selected from vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, cobalt and/or iron; this catalyst is in the form of a plurality of juxtaposed agglomerates of acicular platelets, oriented radially to each other. It is prepared from agglomerates of activated alumina subjected to reaction with an acid and a compound providing an anion able to combine with aluminum ions in solution.

Abstract: Alumina, silica or silica-alumina containing catalysts are manufactured by incorporating at least one active element selected from the metals of the groups V, VI and VIII or their compounds to a carrier, and then drying and activating. The carrier or the catalyst is shaped into extrudates and the latter are crushed to coarse particles.

Abstract: A process for conversion of an asphaltenes-containing heavy oil or heavy oil fraction to lighter fractions comprises 3 steps of: catalytic hydrodemetallation, hydrovisbreaking and catalytic hydrodesulfuration.

Abstract: An asphaltene-containing heavy oil or heavy oil fraction is converted to lighter fractions in a process comprising three steps: a hydrovisbreaking, a catalytic hydrodemetallation and catalytic hydrodesulfuration.

Abstract: Supported catalysts for use in hydrocarbons hydrotreatments are made by shaping catalyst carrier, with or without catalyst precursors, into balls, calcining the balls at 300.degree.-1000.degree. C., and crushing the calcined balls to particles whose average size is 0.2-0.8 times the average diameter of the balls. When the precursors are not present during the manufacture, they are added thereafter.